Antonio Sergio Bessa is a scholar of concrete poetry and the author of Öyvind Fahlström: The Art of Writing (2008). He has edited several volumes on concrete poetry including Haroldo de Campos’s Novas: Selected Writings (with Odile Cisneros, 2007), and Mary Ellen Solt: Toward a Theory of Concrete Poetry (2010).

• Introduction 11 Word as Object 92 Sound as Subject 233 Mechanics of Composition 464 Poetics of the Unpoetic 655 Disruption of Style 816 Poetry and Modernity in the New World 97Acknowledgments 113Appendix 1: The Noigandres / Ezra Pound Correspondence 115Appendix 2: "Deciphering Semiotics," by Décio Pignatari 137Appendix 3: "Pound Made (New) in Brazil," by Augusto de Campos 151Appendix 4: "The Aphfreudisiac Lacan in the Galaxy of Lalangue," by Haroldo de Campos 161Notes 173Index 201

"Bessa persuasively situates the Noigandres group—the missing link between Modernism and the poetics of our digital age—within an artistic and philosophical lineage. Providing an accessible and incisive summary of the theoretical background and the particular cultural conditions of post-war Brazil, Bessa’s book is the ideal guide for understanding this novel, challenging, and important poetry." - Craig Dworkin, author of The Sound of Thinking: A Listener's Companion to Conceptual Music "Bessa renews our understanding of the Noigandres poets. His readings, with an eye on contemporary concerns, will introduce the movement to new generation of scholars." - Marlia Librandi, author of Writing by Ear: Clarice Lispector and the Aural Novel

Antonio Sergio Bessa is a scholar of concrete poetry and the author of Öyvind Fahlström: The Art of Writing (2008). He has edited several volumes on concrete poetry including Haroldo de Campos’s Novas: Selected Writings (with Odile Cisneros, 2007), and Mary Ellen Solt: Toward a Theory of Concrete Poetry (2010).

• Introduction 11 Word as Object 92 Sound as Subject 233 Mechanics of Composition 464 Poetics of the Unpoetic 655 Disruption of Style 816 Poetry and Modernity in the New World 97Acknowledgments 113Appendix 1: The Noigandres / Ezra Pound Correspondence 115Appendix 2: "Deciphering Semiotics," by Décio Pignatari 137Appendix 3: "Pound Made (New) in Brazil," by Augusto de Campos 151Appendix 4: "The Aphfreudisiac Lacan in the Galaxy of Lalangue," by Haroldo de Campos 161Notes 173Index 201

"Bessa persuasively situates the Noigandres group—the missing link between Modernism and the poetics of our digital age—within an artistic and philosophical lineage. Providing an accessible and incisive summary of the theoretical background and the particular cultural conditions of post-war Brazil, Bessa’s book is the ideal guide for understanding this novel, challenging, and important poetry." - Craig Dworkin, author of The Sound of Thinking: A Listener's Companion to Conceptual Music "Bessa renews our understanding of the Noigandres poets. His readings, with an eye on contemporary concerns, will introduce the movement to new generation of scholars." - Marlia Librandi, author of Writing by Ear: Clarice Lispector and the Aural Novel

Antonio Sergio Bessa is a scholar of concrete poetry and the author of Öyvind Fahlström: The Art of Writing (2008). He has edited several volumes on concrete poetry including Haroldo de Campos’s Novas: Selected Writings (with Odile Cisneros, 2007), and Mary Ellen Solt: Toward a Theory of Concrete Poetry (2010).

• Introduction 11 Word as Object 92 Sound as Subject 233 Mechanics of Composition 464 Poetics of the Unpoetic 655 Disruption of Style 816 Poetry and Modernity in the New World 97Acknowledgments 113Appendix 1: The Noigandres / Ezra Pound Correspondence 115Appendix 2: "Deciphering Semiotics," by Décio Pignatari 137Appendix 3: "Pound Made (New) in Brazil," by Augusto de Campos 151Appendix 4: "The Aphfreudisiac Lacan in the Galaxy of Lalangue," by Haroldo de Campos 161Notes 173Index 201

"Bessa persuasively situates the Noigandres group—the missing link between Modernism and the poetics of our digital age—within an artistic and philosophical lineage. Providing an accessible and incisive summary of the theoretical background and the particular cultural conditions of post-war Brazil, Bessa’s book is the ideal guide for understanding this novel, challenging, and important poetry." - Craig Dworkin, author of The Sound of Thinking: A Listener's Companion to Conceptual Music "Bessa renews our understanding of the Noigandres poets. His readings, with an eye on contemporary concerns, will introduce the movement to new generation of scholars." - Marlia Librandi, author of Writing by Ear: Clarice Lispector and the Aural Novel