Dr. Lorraine White is an independent scholar now based in Scotland. Her research interests lie in Early Modern Iberian warfare and the War of Portuguese Independence. She has also published on Dom Jorge Mascarenhas, Marquês de Montalvão, the Portuguese India Company, and on the Mascarenhas in the Estado da Índia.Dr. Teddy Sim is an associate researcher at the National Chung Cheng University. His research interests lie in the early modern Portuguese colonial and military history, as well as the maritime history of Asia. He has published on the Portuguese in India, Macau, and their creolized communities in Southeast Asia.

• Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: The Portuguese empire in strength in the 16th century: from North Africa to India – service before reward.- Chapter 3: The struggle of empire in the 17th century: from India to Brazil – reward before service.- Chapter 4: The Mascarenhas in the 18th century – Case studies of the houses of Sandomil and Alva.- Chapter 5: The Mascarenhas in the 19th century – Case studies of the houses of the Óbidos and Fronteira.- Chapter 6: Conclusions - Adaptation and survival in a changing empire.

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Dr. Lorraine White is an independent scholar now based in Scotland. Her research interests lie in Early Modern Iberian warfare and the War of Portuguese Independence. She has also published on Dom Jorge Mascarenhas, Marquês de Montalvão, the Portuguese India Company, and on the Mascarenhas in the Estado da Índia.Dr. Teddy Sim is an associate researcher at the National Chung Cheng University. His research interests lie in the early modern Portuguese colonial and military history, as well as the maritime history of Asia. He has published on the Portuguese in India, Macau, and their creolized communities in Southeast Asia.

• Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: The Portuguese empire in strength in the 16th century: from North Africa to India – service before reward.- Chapter 3: The struggle of empire in the 17th century: from India to Brazil – reward before service.- Chapter 4: The Mascarenhas in the 18th century – Case studies of the houses of Sandomil and Alva.- Chapter 5: The Mascarenhas in the 19th century – Case studies of the houses of the Óbidos and Fronteira.- Chapter 6: Conclusions - Adaptation and survival in a changing empire.

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Dr. Lorraine White is an independent scholar now based in Scotland. Her research interests lie in Early Modern Iberian warfare and the War of Portuguese Independence. She has also published on Dom Jorge Mascarenhas, Marquês de Montalvão, the Portuguese India Company, and on the Mascarenhas in the Estado da Índia.Dr. Teddy Sim is an associate researcher at the National Chung Cheng University. His research interests lie in the early modern Portuguese colonial and military history, as well as the maritime history of Asia. He has published on the Portuguese in India, Macau, and their creolized communities in Southeast Asia.

• Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: The Portuguese empire in strength in the 16th century: from North Africa to India – service before reward.- Chapter 3: The struggle of empire in the 17th century: from India to Brazil – reward before service.- Chapter 4: The Mascarenhas in the 18th century – Case studies of the houses of Sandomil and Alva.- Chapter 5: The Mascarenhas in the 19th century – Case studies of the houses of the Óbidos and Fronteira.- Chapter 6: Conclusions - Adaptation and survival in a changing empire.

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