New Pathways to Civil Justice in Europe

​Xandra Kramer is Professor of Private Law at Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam and Professor of Private International Law at Utrecht University. Alexandre Biard is researcher at the Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam and works at a consumer organization in Brussels. Jos Hoevenaars is postdoc researcher at the Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam, part of the ERC funded ‘Building EU civil justice’ project, working on Self-Representation in Civil Justice. Erlis Themeli is postdoc researcher at Erasmus University Rotterdam, part of the ERC funded ‘Building EU civil justice’ project, working on Digitisation and AI.

• Introduction: The Future of Access to Justice – Beyond Science Fiction by Alexandre Biard, Jos Hoevenaars, Xandra Kramer & Erlis Themeli.- Part I – Digitalisation and AI: The Human Control over Autonomous Robotic Systems: What Ethical and Legal Lessons for Judicial Uses of AI? by Daniele Amoroso & Guglielmo Tamburrini.- Court Information Technology: Hypes, Hopes and Dreams by Dory Reiling.- The Computer as the Courtroom: How Will Artificial Intelligence Affect Judicial Processes? by Nicolas Vermeys.- Part II – Privatisation and ADR: Delivering Justice by Christopher Hodges.- Trust and Transparency and the Ombuds: Justice Behind Closed Doors? by Lewis Shand Smith.- CDR in Belgium: The Special Place of the Belgian Residual ADR Body by Pieter-Jan de Koning.- How to Avoid a Trial: In Praise of ADR and Ombudsmen by Frédérique Coffre & Pierre-Laurent Holleville.- Analysis – Defiances – Reflections in Germany by Stefan Weiser & Felix Braun.- Part III - Self Representation: Self-representation and the Courts: Some Policy Observations from the Netherlands by Paulien van der Grinten.- With and Without Lawyers: Empirical Research on Legal Representation in Dutch Civil Court Cases by Roland Eshuis.- Justice Without Lawyers by John Sorabji.- Part IV – Court Specialisation: The Pros and Cons of Judicial Specialization by Elisabetta Silvestri.- International Commercial Courts: Specialised Courts? by Marta Requejo Isidro.- Anti-Specialisation Trends in Dispute Resolution or a Shift Towards a New Paradigm? An Initial Exploratory Analysis of Dispute Resolution in the Global Village by Ianika Tzankova.- Part V – Concluding Remarks: Constituting a Civil Legal System Called “Just”: Law, Money, Power, and Publicity by Judith Resnik.