This book explores energy poverty through a social science lens, drawing on the author's research experience at the Universities of Trieste and Milan and his work as an energy poverty project manager for the City of Milan.Energy poverty is no longer a localized issue related to warmth and energy affordability. It has turned into a global concern shaped by multifaceted economic, environmental, socio-demographic, spatial, and geographical factors. This groundbreaking book provides an updated perspective from the social sciences, exploring how evolving forms of energy deprivation challenge traditional understandings of the phenomenon and demand new analytical frameworks that consider the full complexities of energy vulnerabilities. It considers the drivers of energy vulnerability globally and explores how decision-makers can be equipped to craft targeted local actions for vulnerable households amid urban energy transition agendas. These insights integrate lived experiences into measurements and form the basis for policy recommendations designed to foster energy justice and security for vulnerable households.Bridging academic theory and empirical research, this volume equips the reader to address one of today’s most pressing global challenges. It is a deal for researchers, policymakers, and social scientists with a focus on energy transitions, energy policy, and energy inequality.