Networks of Outrage and Hope

Manuel Castells is University Professor and Wallis Annenberg Chair of Communication Technology and Society at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, as well as Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Planning at the University of California, Berkeley. He has been Distinguished Visiting Professor at M.I.T and Oxford University, and is Director of Research in the Department of Sociology, University of Cambridge. He has published 27 books including the trilogy The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture, translated in 22 languages, and Communication Power. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the British Academy, Academia Europaea, the Mexican Academy of Sciences, and the Spanish Royal Academy of Economics. He was a founding board member of the European Research Council and of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. He was awarded the 2011 Erasmus Medal, the 2012 Holberg Prize from the Parliament of Norway, and the 2013 Balzan Prize from the International Balzan Foundation.

• Preface 2015 ixAcknowledgments 2012 xivOpening: Networking Minds, Creating Meaning, Contesting Power 1Prelude to Revolution: Where it All Started 20Tunisia: “The Revolution of Liberty and Dignity” 22Iceland’s Kitchenware Revolution: From financial collapse to crowdsourcing a new (failed) constitution 31Southern wind, northern wind: Cross-cultural levers of social change 45The Egyptian Revolution 54Space of flows and space of places in the Egyptian Revolution 57State’s response to an Internet-facilitated revolution: The great disconnection 62Who were the protesters, and what was the protest? 67Women in revolution 71The Islamic question 74“The revolution will continue” 77Understanding the Egyptian Revolution 79Dignity, Violence, Geopolitics: The Arab Uprising and Its Demise 95Violence and the state 99A digital revolution? 105Post-Scriptum 2014 109A Rhizomatic Revolution: Indignadas in Spain 113A self-mediated movement 119What did/do the indignadas want? 125The discourse of the movement 128Reinventing democracy in practice: An assemblyled, leaderless movement 131From deliberation to action: The question of violence 136A political movement against the political system 139A rhizomatic revolution 143Occupy Wall Street: Harvesting the Salt of the Earth 159The outrage, the thunder, the spark 159The prairie on fire 165A networked movement 174Direct democracy in practice 181A non-demand movement: “The process is the message” 187Violence against a non-violent movement 191What did the movement achieve? 194The salt of the Earth 200Networked Social Movements: A Global Trend? 220Overview 220The clash between old and new Turkey, Gezi Park, June 2013 227Challenging the development model, denouncing political corruption: Brazil, 2013–14 230Beyond neoliberalism: Student movement in Chile, 2011–13 237Undoing the media-state complex: Mexico’s #YoSoy132 239Networked social movements and social protests 242Changing the World in the Network Society 246Networked social movements: An emerging pattern 249Internet and the culture of autonomy 256Networked social movements and reform politics: An impossible love? 262Networked Social Movements and Political Change 272Overview 272Crisis of legitimacy and political change: A global perspective 274Challenging the failure of Italian parliamentary democracy from the inside: Beppe Grillo and hisFive Stars Movement 277The effects of networked social movements on the political system 284Occupying minds, not the state: Post-Occupy blues in the US 284The streets, the Presidenta, and the would-be Presidenta: Popular protests and presidentialelections in Brazil 286The political schizophrenia of Turkish society: Secular movements and Islamist politics 294Reinventing politics, upsetting bipartisan hegemony: Podemos in Spain 296Levers of political change? 308Beyond Outrage, Hope: The Life and Death of Networked Social Movements 314Appendix to Changing the World in the Network Society 317Public opinion in selected countries toward Occupy and similar movements 317Attitudes of citizens toward governments, political and financial institutions in the United States,European Union, and the world at large 318Preface 2015

�A thousand words are too few to cover the riches of this incredibly timely account of contemporary movements.� American Journal of Sociology�A must for those who are interested in how social movements communicate in the network society to realize changes of value in society.�International Journal of Public Opinion Research"This is a well-argued and lively book that will be of great interest to anyone looking for an introduction to either post-2010 social movements or Castells' work."Political Studies Review