MEHMET TOY, PhD, is a Distinguished Engineer at Comcast and represents the company in the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) and IEEE standards. Previously, he held management and technical positions at ADVA Optical Networking, Intel Corporation, Verizon Wireless, Axiowave Networks, Fujitsu Network Communications, AT&T Bell Labs, and Lucent Technologies. Dr. Toy contributed to the research, development and standardization of various telecommunication technologies including IP Multimedia System (IMS), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), optical, IP/MPLS, and wireless. He has authored multiple books in these areas and various articles in data networking and signal processing, and has taught at universities as a tenure-track and adjunct faculty member.

• Foreword xiii Preface xv1 Introduction and Overview 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Basic Ethernet 21.3 Synchronization 21.4 Pseudowires 21.5 Protection 21.6 Carrier Ethernet Architecture and Services 31.7 Carrier Ethernet Traffic Management 41.8 Ethernet Operations, Administrations, and Maintenance (OAM) 51.9 Circuit Emulation 61.10 Ethernet Local Management Interface (ELMI) 71.11 PBT 81.12 T-MPLS and MPLS-TP 91.13 Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) 112 Basic Ethernet 142.1 Introduction 142.2 CSMA/CD 152.3 Full Duplex, Pause, Autonegotiation 162.4 Repeaters and Hubs 162.5 Bridges 172.6 Switches 182.7 Physical Layer 192.8 Temperature Hardening 262.9 Standards 272.10 Ethernet Frame Types and the Ethertype Field 272.11 Conclusion 32References 323 Synchronization 333.1 Introduction 333.2 Application Requirements 353.3 Synchronization Standards 393.4 NTP/SNTP 403.5 Precision Time Protocol (IEEE 1588) 443.6 Synchronous-Ethernet Networks (SyncE) 513.7 Conclusion 61References 614 Pseudowires 634.1 Introduction 634.2 Protocol Layers 634.3 Payload Types 644.4 Pseudowire Architecture 654.5 Control Plane 724.6 Multisegment Architecture 744.7 Multisegment Pseudowire Setup Mechanisms 774.8 Resiliency 804.9 Quality of Service and Congestion Control 804.10 Operations and Maintenance (OAM) 814.11 Security 834.12 Conclusion 84References 855 Ethernet Protection 865.1 Introduction 865.2 Automatic Protection Switching (APS) Entities 875.3 Linear Protection 895.4 Ring Protection 975.5 Link Aggregation 1025.6 Conclusion 108References 1086 Carrier Ethernet Architectures and Services 1096.1 Introduction 1096.2 Standards 1116.3 Architecture 1116.4 Interfaces 1256.5 Services 1386.6 Conclusion 156References 1567 Carrier Ethernet Traffic Management 1587.1 Introduction 1587.2 Policing 1607.3 Queuing, Scheduling, and Flow Control 1617.4 Three CoS Model 1617.5 SLAs (Service-Level Agreements) 1647.6 SLAs 1687.7 Application-CoS-Priority Mapping 1687.8 Bandwidth Profile 1777.9 Conclusion 180References 1808 Carrier Ethernet OAM&P (Operations, Administration, Management, and Performance) 1818.1 Introduction 1818.2 Link OAM 1838.3 Service OAM 1868.4 Maintenance Entities 1888.5 Maintenance Points 1908.6 OAM Addressing and Frame Format 1938.7 Continuity Check Message (CCM) 1988.8 Loopback and Reply Messages (LBM and LBR) 2028.9 Link Trace and Reply Messages (LTM and LTR) 2068.10 Ethernet Alarm Indication Signal (ETH-AIS) 2108.11 Ethernet Remote Defective Indication (ETH-RDI) 2138.12 Ethernet Locked Signal (ETH-LCK) 2148.13 Performance Measurements 2158.14 Performance Monitoring 2178.15 Loss Measurements 2188.16 Availability 2218.17 Frame Delay Measurements 2248.18 Interframe Delay Variation (IFDV) Measurements 2258.19 Testing 2258.20 Security 2328.21 OAM Bandwidth 2328.22 Conclusion 233References 2339 Circuit Emulation Services (CES) 2349.1 Introduction 2349.2 Circuit Emulation Functions 2379.3 Adaptation Function Headers 2389.4 Synchronization 2419.5 TDM Application Signaling 2429.6 CESoETH Defects and Alarms 2449.7 Performance Monitoring of CESoETH 2459.8 CESoETH Service Configuration 2459.9 Conclusion 246References 24610 Carrier Ethernet Local Management Interface 24710.1 Introduction 24710.2 ELMI Messages 25010.3 ELMI Message Elements 25210.4 ELMI System Parameters and Procedures 25710.5 UNI-C AND N Procedures 26010.6 Conclusion 261References 26111 PB (Provider Bridges), PBB (Provider Backbone Bridges), and PBT (Provider Backbone Transport) 26211.1 Introduction 26211.2 IEEE 802.1AB 26411.3 Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB) 27011.4 PBT (Provider Backbone Transport) 27811.5 Conclusion 287References 28712 T-MPLS (Transport MPLS) 28812.1 Introduction 28812.2 Differences from MPLS 29012.3 Architecture 29112.4 T-MPLS Frame Structure 29412.5 T-MPLS Networks 29612.6 Conclusion 301References 30213 MPLS-TP(MPLS-Transport Profile) 30313.1 Introduction 30313.2 Frame Format 30613.3 Architecture 30713.4 OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) 32013.5 Protection Switching 33013.6 Security Considerations 33113.7 Conclusion 331References 33114 Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) 33314.1 Introduction 33314.2 Data Plane 33814.3 LDP-Based VPLS 34014.4 BGP Approach 35314.5 Security 36014.6 External Network–Network Interface 36014.7 Conclusion 360References 361Index 363