Dr. Markus Mueck, Spectrum Sharing, Intel; Dr. Ingolf Karls, NGS program manager, Intel.

• Chapter 1: Introduction  1  V2X objectives  6 V2X and D2D networking and connectivity  9 Technical challenges for V2X  10 Sensors  10 Computing  12 Networking  13 Society, ethics and politics  17 Outline  23 Chapter 2: Applications and Use Cases  27 Use cases up to 2005  29 Between 2005 and 2011  32 Use cases since 2011  38 Conclusions  50 Chapter 3: V2X Requirements, Standards, and Regulations  59 Requirements  61 Sensors  65 Communications  66 Dynamic high-definition maps  69 Over-the-air updates  71 In-vehicle Infotainment  71 V2X networking and connectivity standards  73 V2X networking and connectivity regulation  79 Conclusions  85 Chapter 4: Technologies  89 Sensing  91 Computing  96 Communications  99 Software  105 HAD maps  108 Functional safety  111 Conclusions  113 Chapter 5: V2X networking and connectivity  121 IEEE 802.11p-based DSRC and ITS-G5  121 LTE and 5G NR V2X  128 C-V2X Phase 1 where 3GPP works on LTE Vehicular Services  131 Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) Communications  137 Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P, P2V) Communications  138 Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I, I2V) Communications  138 Vehicle-to-network Communications (V2N, N2V)  139 Synchronization  140 Location Determination  142 C-V2X evolution toward Phase 2 and beyond  143 Chapter 6: Infotainment  151 Infotainment  152 Telematics and control  156 In-vehicle connectivity and networking  158 Conclusions  162 Chapter 7: Software Reconfiguration  167 Issues to Be Addressed by Software Reconfiguration  168 Problem statement 1: How to transfer and install radio software components to a target platform in a secure way  168 Problem statement 2: How to enable a user to access new software components  168 Problem statement 3: How to deal with device certification in the context of novel radio software components  169 Problem statement 4: How to achieve software portability and execution efficiency  169 Problem statement 5: How to enable a gradual evolution toward software reconfigurability  169 The Regulation Framework: Relationship Between Software Reconfigurability and the Radio Equipment Directive  169 Mobile Device Reconfiguration Classes: How the Level Of Reconfigurability Will Grow Over Time  172 The ETSI Reconfiguration Ecosystem  174 Code Efficiency and Portability Through the Radio Virtual Machine  180 Multi-Radio Interface (MURI)  184 RRS Software Reconfigurability For Hardware Updates  186 The ETSI Software Reconfiguration Solution in Comparison to Other Alternatives  187 ETSI Security Framework for Software Reconfiguration  188 Responsibility Management  190 Conclusion  193 Chapter 8: Outlook  195 Appendix A  203 List of acronyms  203 Index  251

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