Neonatology at a Glance

Tom Lissauer, MB, BChir, FRCPCH, Honorary Consultant Neonatologist,Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK.Avroy Fanaroff, MD, FRCPE, FRCPCH, Emeritus Eliza Henry Barnes Professor of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, and Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.Lawrence Miall, MBBS, BSc, MMedSc, FRCPCH, Consultant Neonatologist, Leeds Children's Hospital, and Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.Jonathan Fanaroff, MD, JD, FAAP, Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Director, Rainbow Center for Pediatric Ethics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

• Preface viiContributors viiiAcknowledgment xiPart 1 Introduction1 Milestones in neonatology 22 Epidemiology 4Part 2 Perinatal medicine3 Perinatal medicine overview 64 Prepregnancy care, prenatal screening, and fetal medicine 85 Maternal medical conditions 106 Intrauterine growth restriction 127 Multiple births 148 Preterm delivery 169 Maternal drugs affecting the fetus and newborn infant 1810 Congenital infection 2011 Genetics 24Part 3 Delivery12 Adaption to extra‐uterine life 2813 Neonatal resuscitation and postresuscitation care 3014 Birth injuries 38Part 4 The newborn infant15 Routine care of the newborn infant 4016 Routine examination of the newborn infant 4217 Neurology examination 4418 Feeding 4619 Parental attachment 4820 Minor abnormalities in the first few days 5021 Overview of common problems of term infants 52Part 5 Neonatal unit admission22 Admission to the neonatal unit 5423 Stabilizing the sick newborn infant 5624 Respiratory support 6025 Developmental care 6626 Family integrated care 68Part 6 The preterm infant27 Preterm infants and their complications 7028 Lung development and surfactant 7229 Respiratory distress syndrome 7430 Temperature control 7631 Growth and nutrition 7832 Intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia 8233 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 8434 Apnea, infection, anemia, and jaundice 8635 Retinopathy of prematurity 8836 Necrotizing enterocolitis 9037 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 9238 Discharge of preterm infants from hospital 9439 Outcome of preterm infants 96Part 7 Neonatal problems40 Respiratory distress in term infants 10041 Upper airway disorders 10442 Jaundice 10643 Neonatal infection 11044 Antimicrobial stewardship 11245 Specific bacterial infections 11446 Viral infections 11647 Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia 11848 Gastrointestinal disorders 12049 Gastrointestinal obstruction 12450 Cardiac disorders 12651 Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy 13252 Seizures and perinatal strokes 13653 Neural tube defects and hydrocephalus 13854 The hypotonic infant 14055 Renal and urinary tract anomalies diagnosed prenatally 14256 Renal and urinary tract disorders 14457 Genital disorders 14858 Disorders of sex development 15059 Anemia and polycythemia 15260 White cell disorders 15461 Coagulation and thrombotic disorders 15662 Dermatological disorders 16063 Bone and joint disorders 16264 Inborn errors of metabolism 16465 Hearing and vision 166Part 8 Aspects of neonatal intensive care66 Pain 16867 Pharmacology 17068 Quality improvement 17269 Patient safety 17470 Evidence‐based practice 18071 Ethics 18272 Research and consent 18673 Palliative and end‐of‐life care 188Part 9 Follow-up74 Follow‐up of high‐risk infants 190Part 10 Global75 Global neonatology 192Part 11 Transport76 Transport of the sick newborn infant 196Part 12 Practical procedures77 Intubation 19878 Chest tubes 20079 Common practical procedures 20280 Umbilical catheters and intraosseous cannulation 20481 Central venous catheters and exchange transfusions 20682 Cranial ultrasound 20883 Brain monitoring 21284 Perinatal neuroimaging with MRI 21685 Echocardiography for the neonatologist 218Appendix: Gestational age assessment, BP, Newborn Early Warning Trigger and Track (NEWTT) chart, Jaundice, Hypoglycemia, Growth charts 222Further reading 230Index 234

“Neonatology at a Glance is an essential companion for pediatric trainees, nurses and medical students engaged in the care of newborn infants in newborn and neonatal intensive care units.” Richard Martin, Professor in Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, USA