Chen Zan is Principal Research and Senior Lecturer in the Research Division of the Institute for Adult learning, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore. Leslie Cordie is Associate Professor in the College of Education at Auburn University, USA.Hannes Schroeter is Head of Department in the Teaching, Learning and Counselling Division of the German Institute for Adult Education, Germany.Xiaodong Zeng is Professor in the Faculty of Education at Beijing Normal University, China.