Zan Chen is Associate Professor and Principal Researcher in the Institute for Adult learning, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore. Leslie Cordie is Professor in the College of Education at Auburn University, USA.Hannes Schröter is Scientific Director of the German Institute for Adult Education – Leibniz-Centre for Lifelong Learning (DIE) in Bonn, Germany, and Professor for “Adult Cognition and Learning” at the FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany.Xiaodong Zeng is Professor in the Faculty of Education at Beijing Normal University, China.