Given the interest, fascination, and rapid development in the field of nanowires, this book offers a well-timed overview of critical issues related to nanowires, as well as recent progress in synthesis, structure, properties and devices. Topics include: synthesis, with control over composition, size, shape, position, geometry, doping, alloying, and heterostructures; properties - mechanical, electronic, optical, thermal, magnetic, ionic, phase transformational, and chemical; assembly and integration - methods for organizing nanowires, multiple length scale pattern formation, heterogeneous integration, and assembly architecture; and applications - functional devices and systems for electronics, photonics, sensors, and renewable energy.