Dr. Muhammad Bilal Tahir is a Researcher at the University of Gujrat, Gujrat, and currently working on nanotechnology for material processing, photocatalysis, energy and environmental applications, colloids & surfactants. His initial work was on photocatalysis-based processes for decontamination of pollutants, adsorption of heavy metals in water and oil, and energy production.  Muhammad Rafique received his Ph.D. from the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal. His research interests include energy storage and conversion devices, supercapacitors, fuel cells, hybrid energy storage materials, nano-composite as energy storage and photocatalytic materials, laser–matter interactions, photocatalysis, water splitting and water purification, dye degradation, industrial wastewater treatment, antibacterial activities, anti-cancer nanomaterials, heterojunction solar cells, etc.Dr. Muhammad Sagir has over 10 years of research experience in the field of oil and gas, enhanced oil recovery, surfactants, and photocatalysis. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, and is involved in 4 different research projects as PI, Co-PI, and collaborator. He has also been part of a number of research projects completed in various capacities.

• Chapter 1. Historical Background, Development and Preparation of Nanomaterials.- Chapter 2. Types and Classifications of Nanomaterials.- Chapter 3. An Insight into the chemistry of nanostructures and their defects.- Chapter 4. Nanostructures: A Solution to quantum computation and energy problems.- Chapter 5. Production of Bioplastics by Different Methods-A Step towards Green Economy.- Chapter 6. Challenges and Future Prospects​.

Dr. Muhammad Bilal Tahir is a Researcher at the University of Gujrat, Gujrat, and currently working on nanotechnology for material processing, photocatalysis, energy and environmental applications, colloids & surfactants. His initial work was on photocatalysis-based processes for decontamination of pollutants, adsorption of heavy metals in water and oil, and energy production.  Muhammad Rafique received his Ph.D. from the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal. His research interests include energy storage and conversion devices, supercapacitors, fuel cells, hybrid energy storage materials, nano-composite as energy storage and photocatalytic materials, laser–matter interactions, photocatalysis, water splitting and water purification, dye degradation, industrial wastewater treatment, antibacterial activities, anti-cancer nanomaterials, heterojunction solar cells, etc.Dr. Muhammad Sagir has over 10 years of research experience in the field of oil and gas, enhanced oil recovery, surfactants, and photocatalysis. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, and is involved in 4 different research projects as PI, Co-PI, and collaborator. He has also been part of a number of research projects completed in various capacities.

• Chapter 1. Historical Background, Development and Preparation of Nanomaterials.- Chapter 2. Types and Classifications of Nanomaterials.- Chapter 3. An Insight into the chemistry of nanostructures and their defects.- Chapter 4. Nanostructures: A Solution to quantum computation and energy problems.- Chapter 5. Production of Bioplastics by Different Methods-A Step towards Green Economy.- Chapter 6. Challenges and Future Prospects​.

Dr. Muhammad Bilal Tahir is a Researcher at the University of Gujrat, Gujrat, and currently working on nanotechnology for material processing, photocatalysis, energy and environmental applications, colloids & surfactants. His initial work was on photocatalysis-based processes for decontamination of pollutants, adsorption of heavy metals in water and oil, and energy production.  Muhammad Rafique received his Ph.D. from the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal. His research interests include energy storage and conversion devices, supercapacitors, fuel cells, hybrid energy storage materials, nano-composite as energy storage and photocatalytic materials, laser–matter interactions, photocatalysis, water splitting and water purification, dye degradation, industrial wastewater treatment, antibacterial activities, anti-cancer nanomaterials, heterojunction solar cells, etc.Dr. Muhammad Sagir has over 10 years of research experience in the field of oil and gas, enhanced oil recovery, surfactants, and photocatalysis. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, and is involved in 4 different research projects as PI, Co-PI, and collaborator. He has also been part of a number of research projects completed in various capacities.

• Chapter 1. Historical Background, Development and Preparation of Nanomaterials.- Chapter 2. Types and Classifications of Nanomaterials.- Chapter 3. An Insight into the chemistry of nanostructures and their defects.- Chapter 4. Nanostructures: A Solution to quantum computation and energy problems.- Chapter 5. Production of Bioplastics by Different Methods-A Step towards Green Economy.- Chapter 6. Challenges and Future Prospects​.