This book reviews the impact of nanotechnology on the development of textile fibers with enhanced functionality and a wide range of applications. It discusses how different fiber types can be produced using electrospinning techniques. The book analyses the production and properties of carbon nanotubes and polymer nanocomposites and their applications in such areas as aerospace engineering. It covers ways of using nanotechnology to improve polymer properties such as thermal stability, dyeability and the use of nanotechnology to modify textile surfaces.