Professor Dieter Vollath has more than 20 years experience in the research of synthesis and properties of nanomaterials. He was Department Head at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, and gives lectures at the Technical University Graz, Austria. Since 2003 he is acting as nanotechnology consultant with his own company NanoConsulting. His courses on nanomaterials formed the basis for this textbook.

• PREFACE INTRODUCTION NANOPARTICLES - NANOCOMPOSITES NanoparticlesElementary Consequences of Small Particle Size SURFACES IN NANOMATERIALS General Considerations Surface Energy Vapor Pressure of Small Particles Hypothetical Nanomotors Driven by Surface Energy GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES Fundamental Considerations Inert-Gas Condensation Process Physical and Chemical Vapor Synthesis Processes Laser-Ablation Process Plasma Processes Flame Processes Synthesis of Coated Particles ONE- AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANOPARTICLES Basic ConsiderationsVibrations of Nanorods and Nanotubes - Scaling Law for Vibrations Nanostructures Related to Compounds with Layered Structures NANOFLUIDS Background Nanofluids for Improved Heat Transfer Ferrofluids THERMODYNAMICS OF NANOPARTICLES AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS Basic ConsiderationsInfluence of the Particle Size on Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Transformations Thermal Instabilities Connected to Phase Transformations Heat Capacity of Nanoparticles MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS, SUPERPARAMAGNETISM Magnetic Materials Fundamentals of Superparamagnetism Susceptibility of Superparamagnetic Materials Superparamagnetic Particles in the Mo?bauer Spectrum Applications of Superparamagnetic Materials Exchange-Coupled Magnetic Nanoparticles OPTICAL PROPERTIES General Remarks Adjustment of the Index of Refraction and Visually Transparent UV Absorbers Size-Dependent Optical Properties - Quantum ConfinementSemiconducting Particles in the Quantum-Confinement Range Metallic Nanoparticles - Plasmon Resonance Luminescent Nanocomposites Selection of a Lumophore or Absorber Electroluminescence Photochromic and Electrochromic Materials Magneto-Optic Applications ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Fundamentals of Electric Conductivity;Diffusive versus Ballistic Conductivity Carbon Nanotubes Other One-Dimensional Electrical Conductors Electrical Conductivity of Nanocomposites MECHANICAL PROPERTIES General Considerations Mechanical Properties of Bulk Nanocrystalline Materials Deformation Mechanisms of Nanocrystalline Materials Superplasticity Filled Polymer Composites CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS Specific Surface AreaAnalysis of the Crystalline Structure Electron Microscopy INDEX

Professor Dieter Vollath has more than 20 years experience in the research of synthesis and properties of nanomaterials. He was Department Head at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, and gives lectures at the Technical University Graz, Austria. Since 2003 he is acting as nanotechnology consultant with his own company NanoConsulting. His courses on nanomaterials formed the basis for this textbook.

• PREFACE INTRODUCTION NANOPARTICLES - NANOCOMPOSITES NanoparticlesElementary Consequences of Small Particle Size SURFACES IN NANOMATERIALS General Considerations Surface Energy Vapor Pressure of Small Particles Hypothetical Nanomotors Driven by Surface Energy GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES Fundamental Considerations Inert-Gas Condensation Process Physical and Chemical Vapor Synthesis Processes Laser-Ablation Process Plasma Processes Flame Processes Synthesis of Coated Particles ONE- AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANOPARTICLES Basic ConsiderationsVibrations of Nanorods and Nanotubes - Scaling Law for Vibrations Nanostructures Related to Compounds with Layered Structures NANOFLUIDS Background Nanofluids for Improved Heat Transfer Ferrofluids THERMODYNAMICS OF NANOPARTICLES AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS Basic ConsiderationsInfluence of the Particle Size on Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Transformations Thermal Instabilities Connected to Phase Transformations Heat Capacity of Nanoparticles MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS, SUPERPARAMAGNETISM Magnetic Materials Fundamentals of Superparamagnetism Susceptibility of Superparamagnetic Materials Superparamagnetic Particles in the Mo?bauer Spectrum Applications of Superparamagnetic Materials Exchange-Coupled Magnetic Nanoparticles OPTICAL PROPERTIES General Remarks Adjustment of the Index of Refraction and Visually Transparent UV Absorbers Size-Dependent Optical Properties - Quantum ConfinementSemiconducting Particles in the Quantum-Confinement Range Metallic Nanoparticles - Plasmon Resonance Luminescent Nanocomposites Selection of a Lumophore or Absorber Electroluminescence Photochromic and Electrochromic Materials Magneto-Optic Applications ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Fundamentals of Electric Conductivity;Diffusive versus Ballistic Conductivity Carbon Nanotubes Other One-Dimensional Electrical Conductors Electrical Conductivity of Nanocomposites MECHANICAL PROPERTIES General Considerations Mechanical Properties of Bulk Nanocrystalline Materials Deformation Mechanisms of Nanocrystalline Materials Superplasticity Filled Polymer Composites CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS Specific Surface AreaAnalysis of the Crystalline Structure Electron Microscopy INDEX

Professor Dieter Vollath has more than 20 years experience in the research of synthesis and properties of nanomaterials. He was Department Head at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, and gives lectures at the Technical University Graz, Austria. Since 2003 he is acting as nanotechnology consultant with his own company NanoConsulting. His courses on nanomaterials formed the basis for this textbook.

• PREFACE INTRODUCTION NANOPARTICLES - NANOCOMPOSITES NanoparticlesElementary Consequences of Small Particle Size SURFACES IN NANOMATERIALS General Considerations Surface Energy Vapor Pressure of Small Particles Hypothetical Nanomotors Driven by Surface Energy GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES Fundamental Considerations Inert-Gas Condensation Process Physical and Chemical Vapor Synthesis Processes Laser-Ablation Process Plasma Processes Flame Processes Synthesis of Coated Particles ONE- AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANOPARTICLES Basic ConsiderationsVibrations of Nanorods and Nanotubes - Scaling Law for Vibrations Nanostructures Related to Compounds with Layered Structures NANOFLUIDS Background Nanofluids for Improved Heat Transfer Ferrofluids THERMODYNAMICS OF NANOPARTICLES AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS Basic ConsiderationsInfluence of the Particle Size on Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Transformations Thermal Instabilities Connected to Phase Transformations Heat Capacity of Nanoparticles MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS, SUPERPARAMAGNETISM Magnetic Materials Fundamentals of Superparamagnetism Susceptibility of Superparamagnetic Materials Superparamagnetic Particles in the Mo?bauer Spectrum Applications of Superparamagnetic Materials Exchange-Coupled Magnetic Nanoparticles OPTICAL PROPERTIES General Remarks Adjustment of the Index of Refraction and Visually Transparent UV Absorbers Size-Dependent Optical Properties - Quantum ConfinementSemiconducting Particles in the Quantum-Confinement Range Metallic Nanoparticles - Plasmon Resonance Luminescent Nanocomposites Selection of a Lumophore or Absorber Electroluminescence Photochromic and Electrochromic Materials Magneto-Optic Applications ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Fundamentals of Electric Conductivity;Diffusive versus Ballistic Conductivity Carbon Nanotubes Other One-Dimensional Electrical Conductors Electrical Conductivity of Nanocomposites MECHANICAL PROPERTIES General Considerations Mechanical Properties of Bulk Nanocrystalline Materials Deformation Mechanisms of Nanocrystalline Materials Superplasticity Filled Polymer Composites CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS Specific Surface AreaAnalysis of the Crystalline Structure Electron Microscopy INDEX