Nanoengineered Materials for Medical and Healthcare Applications

Radhakrishnan E.K, PhD, is an associate professor at the School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India. During his 14 years of research, he has published over 150 research publications, 55 book chapters, and edited about 15 books. His research focuses on developing polymer-based nanocomposites with antimicrobial effects for food packaging and medical applications. Ashitha Jose is pursuing her doctorate at the School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India. She has published several journal articles and book chapters. Her research areas include novel active bionanocomposites for packaging applications for post-harvest protection and shelf-life enhancement. Visakh. P. M, PhD, is a research associate in the Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India. He is a prolific editor with over 40 published books, 20 journal publications, 4 reviews, and more than 45 book chapters.

• Preface xv1 Nanomedicine—History and Recent Trends 1Sohrab Nikazar and Hedieh Haji-HashemiList of Abbreviations 11.1 Introduction 21.2 Definition 31.3 History 41.4 The Main Aim and Recent Trends 71.5 Challenges 161.6 Current Status and Future Perspectives 181.7 Conclusion 19References 192 Nanoparticles and Micelles as Biomedicine 25Shivam Mishra, Pankaj Kumar Tyagi, Arvind Kumar and Raj Kumar Yadav2.1 Nanoparticles 262.2 Nanoparticles as Biomedicine 292.3 Micelles as Biomedicine 332.4 Conclusion 45References 453 Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine 53Azahar N.I., Arifin M.A. and Mahmood S.List of Abbreviations 543.1 Introduction 543.2 Natural Product 553.3 Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine 623.4 Conclusion 80References 804 Engineered Liposomal Nanoparticles and Their Medical Applications 93Syed Mahmood, Mohd Azmir Bin Arifin and Ayah R. Hilles4.1 Introduction 944.2 Liposome Nanoparticles and Their Different Types 944.3 Ethosomes (Ethanolic Liposomes) 1054.4 Types of Engineered Liposomal Drug Delivery Platforms 1094.5 Medical Applications of Engineered Liposomes 1134.6 Challenges and Limitations 1194.7 Conclusions 119Acknowledgment 126References 1265 Development and Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites for Clinical Applications 137Neelima S. and C. SudarsanakumarAbbreviations 1375.1 Introduction 1385.2 Polymer Nanocomposites 1405.3 Synthesis of Polymer Nanocomposites 1455.4 Characterization Techniques 1485.5 Clinical Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites 1495.6 Polymer Nanocomposites for Clinical Application 1515.7 Conclusion 1585.8 Future Perspective 158Acknowledgement 158References 1596 Bionanocomposites for Clinical Applications 167Shiji Mathew and Radhakrishnan E.K.6.1 Introduction 1676.2 Raw Materials Used for Bionanocomposites Preparation 1686.3 Bionanocomposite Application in the Clinical Field 172Conclusion 189References 1907 Nanomodified Polymers for Bone Regeneration and as Dental Implant 199Mereena Luke, Tomy Muringayil Joseph, Józef T. Haponiuk and Sabu ThomasList of Abbreviations 2007.1 Introduction 2017.2 Nanomodified Polymers 2057.3 Nanomodified Polymers for Bone Regeneration 2067.4 Nanomodified Polymers for Dental Implants 2177.5 Conclusion 218References 2198 Stimuli-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds in Medicine and Healthcare 227Sherin JacobAbbreviations 2278.1 Introduction 2288.2 pH-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 2298.3 Light-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 2308.4 Redox-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 2318.5 Magnetic-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 2328.6 Electro-Responsive Nanoengineered Scaffolds 2328.7 Limitations and Challenges 2338.8 Conclusion 234References 2349 Skin Care Applications of Nanomaterials 237Pankaj Kumar Tyagi, Arvind Kumar, Shruti Tyagi and Raj Kumar Yadav9.1 Introduction 2379.2 The Use of Nanomaterials in Skin Care 2399.3 Different Types of Nanomaterials Used in Cosmetics 2419.4 Frequently Used Nanotechnology-Based Cosmetic Products 2479.5 Future Goal 2539.6 Conclusion 254References 25410 Nanocoated Wound Healing Materials 261Vipina Vinod T. N., Neelima S., Radhakrishnan E. K., Jyothis Mathew and C. Sudarsanakumar10.1 Introduction 26110.2 Physiology of Wound Healing 26410.3 Significance of Nanoparticles in Wound Healing 26710.4 Nanoparticles Used for Wound Healing 26810.5 Limitations 28010.6 Future Perspectives 28010.7 Conclusion 280Acknowledgment 281References 28111 Nanomaterial Based Medical Textiles for Antimicrobial Applications 295Subramanian SundaramoorthyList of Abbreviations 29511.1 Introduction: Medical Textiles 29611.2 Microorganisms 29611.3 Antimicrobials 29711.4 Nanomaterials 29911.5 Conclusions 302References 30212 Nanotechnological Advancements in the Development of Antimicrobial PPE 309Subramanian SundaramoorthyList of Abbreviations 30912.1 Introduction 31012.2 Gloves 31012.3 Face Masks and Respirators 31112.4 Coveralls 31312.5 Conclusions 315References 31513 Nanotechnology-Enabled Face Masks for Improved Medical Applications 321Soqrat Omari Shekaftik and Nafiseh NasirzadehList of Abbreviations 32113.1 The Era of Infections and the Need for Improved Masks 32213.2 Manufacturing Methods for Mask Fabrics 32313.3 Common Masks and Respirators in Healthcare Systems 32613.4 Nanofibers 32813.5 Nanoporous Membranes 33013.6 Nanocoatings 33013.7 Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic 33213.8 Are They Ready to Use? 334References 33514 Nanocoated Medical Devices: Prospects and Challenges 343Deepa Narayanan, Giffin M. T., Vinitha P. V., Hima Sebastian and Midhun C. DominicList of Abbreviations 34414.1 Introduction 34414.2 Timeline of Nanocoating in Medicine 34714.3 Nanocoating in Diagnostics and Disease Management 34814.4 Nanocoating in Surgery 35214.5 Nanocoated Implants 35414.6 Risks and Challenges of Nanocoated Devices in Medicine 35614.7 Future Perspectives of Nanocoated Devices 35814.8 Conclusion 358References 359Index 363