Mario Liverani is Professor of History of the Ancient Near East at the University of Rome "La Sapienza." He is a member of the Italian Academia dei Lincei, the Academia Europaea, and Honorary Member of the American Oriental Society, as well as Director of the Inter-University Research Center for Saharan Archaeology. He is the author of ten books including most recently International Relations in the Ancient Near East. Zainab Bahrani is Edith Porada Associate Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Art in the Department of Art History and Archaeology at Columbia University. She is the author of Women of Babylon: Gender and Representation in Mesopotamia and Word, Image, and Portrayal: Representation in Babylon and Assyria. Marc Van De Mieroop is Professor of Ancient Near East History at Columbia University. He is the author of many books including The Ancient Mesopotamian City, Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History, and History of the Ancient Near East, c. 3000—323 BC.