Robert Hoyland is Professor of Islamic History at the University of Oxford, UK.

• Contents: Introduction; Religious communities in late Sasanian and early Muslim Iraq, Michael G. Morony; Dhimmah in Qur’an and Hadith, Mahmoud Ayoub; The legislative autonomy of Christians in the Islamic world, Néophyte Edelby; How Dhimmis were judged in the Islamic world, Antoine Fattal; Problems of differentiation between Muslims and non-Muslims: re-reading the 'Ordinances of 'Umar' (Al-Shurut al-’umariyya), Albrecht Noth; 'Do not assimilate yourselves...' La tashabbahu..., M.J. Kister; Minority selfrule and government control in Islam, S.D. Goitein; Comparative religion in the apologetics of the first Christian Arabic theologians, Sidney H. Griffith; Jewish polemics against Islam and Christianity in the light of Judaeo-Arabic texts, Sarah Stroumsa; Muslim studies of other religions: the medieval period, Jacques Waardenburg; Christian polemic and the formation of Islamic dogma, C.H. Becker; Socio-economic history and Islamic studies: problems of bias in the adaptation of the indigenous population to Islam, Claude Cahen; Mawlas: freed slaves and converts in early Islam, Daniel Pipes; Conversion in early Islamic Egypt: the economic factor, Gladys Frantz-Murphy; Questions concerning the Mazdaeans of Muslim Iran, Jean de Menasce; General index.

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