Muslim Sources on the Magyars in the Second Half of the 9th Century

István Zimonyi, Ph.D. (1990), University of Szeged, is Professor of Medieval Studies at that university. He has published monographs, and articles on the medieval Eurasian steppe, including Orientalische Berichte über die Völker Osteuropa und Zentralasiens im Mittelalter (with H. Göckenjan. Harrassowitz, 2001).

• ContentsPreface ixList of Maps and Illustrations xiiiIntroduction 11 The Jayhānī Tradition 71 The Personality of al-Jayhānī 72 Al-Jayhānī’s Literary Activity and His Geographical Work 113 The Sources of al-Jayhānī’s Geographical Work 16Ibn Khurdādhbih 164 The Works Which Preserved the Jayhānī Tradition 18Ibn Rusta 18Ḥudūd al-ʿālam 19Gardīzī 19Al-Bakrī 20Abūʾl-Fidāʾ 23Al-Marwazī 23ʿAwfī 24Shukrallāh 24Muḥammad Kātib 25Ḥājjī Khalīfa 255 Al-Jayhānī’s Report on Central Asia and Eastern Europe 262 The Versions and Translations of the Magyar Chapter 383 The Interpretation of the Magyar Chapter 561 The Name of the Magyars 56Folk Etymologies of the Designation Magyar 622 The Eastern Magyars 67Pechenegs 67Volga Bulgars 72Äskäl 74First Border 773 The Magyars as Turks 83Turk Meaning Magyar 85Magyars Belonging to the Turk Peoples 904 The Strength of the Magyar Army 1025 The Political Organization 116The Interpretation of the Word shiʿār 117The Magyar King Kündä 118The King Gyula 120Dual Kingship 120The Structure of Nomadic Empires 1256 Houses and Nomadic Life 139Yurts and Tents 139Nomadic Way of Life 1607 The Dimensions of the Magyar Lands 1868 The Sea of Rūm and Its Two Rivers, Fishing in the WinterQuarters 202The Roman Sea 204Jayḥūn Amu Darya 230Winter Quarters 233Fishing 2369 The Bulgars on the Danube 239Onogundur ~ W.n.nd.r 241Bulgars and Ogurs 244Danube Bulgars 26210 Etil and Danube 265Danube 266Volga 270Etelköz, Habitat of the Magyars before the Conquest 281The Role of Rivers in the Nomadic Way of Life 28411 Moravia 29012 The Characteristic of the Magyar Lands 30313 Magyar Agriculture 30614 Magyars and Slavs 309Ṣaqāliba 317Rūs 320Kiev and the Magyars 324Provisions 32715 The Religion of the Magyars 33016 Magyar-Byzantine Trade 334Karkh 336Slave Trade 337Byzantine Merchandise 33817 Khazar-Magyar Relations 340Sarkel 340Trench 342Khazar-Magyar Relations 34418 The Appearance of the Magyars 35419 Clothes and Weapons 356Weapons 35720 Prosperity and Trade 35821 Raids against the Slavs 35922 The Distance between the Slavs and the Magyars 35923 Bride-Price 36024 The Eastern Border of the Magyar Territory 36325 Slavic Castles against the Magyars 364Summary 365Bibliography 377Index 409