Multiple Case Study Analysis

Robert E. Stake is Director of the Center for Instructional Research and Curriculum Evaluation at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is one of several educational researchers who created theory and practice for educational program evaluation in the 1960s. His responsive evaluation approach emphasizes the study of classroom experience, personal interaction, and institutional processes and contexts, often in the form of case studies. Among the evaluative studies he has directed are studies in science and arts education; model programs; and conventional teaching, including higher education, special education and, with Bernadine Evans Stake, gender equity. He is a recipient of the Special Career Award in Qualitative Inquiry from the International Congress for Qualitative Inquiry, the Lazarsfeld Award from the American Evaluation Association, and the Presidential Citation from the American Educational Research Association, and holds honorary doctorates from the University of Uppsala, Sweden, and the University of Valladolid, Spain. For many years, Dr. Stake has been a prominent voice in a transatlantic invisible college of like-minded evaluators questioning contexts and conventions for educational evaluation and infusing evaluation with fairness and a valuing of experience.

• 1. Single Cases 1.1. Situation and Experience1.2. A Technical View of a Case 1.3. The Quintain1.4. The Case-Quintain Dilemma1.5. The Research Questions1.6. The Particular and the General 1.7. The Contexts1.8. Making the Individual Case Report 2. The Multicase Study 2.1. Staffing 2.2. Selecting Cases2.3. Activity in Its Situation2.4. Data Gathering across Cases 2.5. Triangulation within Cases 3. Cross-Case Analysis 3.1. Rationale3.2. Reading the Collection 3.3. Cross-Case Procedure 3.4. Expected Utility of Cases and Ordinariness of Situations3.5. The Grounds for Assertions 3.6. Cross-Case Assertions 3.7. Triangulation across Cases4. The Report 4.1. Planning the Multicase Report 4.2. Comparing Cases4.3. Advocacy4.4. Generalization5. The Step by Step Case Study Project 5.1. The Open Society Institute and the International Step by Step Association5.2. The Step by Step Approach5.3. Previous Step by Step evaluations5.4. Aims of the Step by Step Multicase Project5.5. Developing Case Topics5.6. Action Research 5.7. Themes for Cross-Case Analysis 5.8. The Teams and the Steering Group 5.9. Training the Case ResearchersThree Step by Step Case Studies 6. The Ukraine Case Study7. The Slovakia Case Study8. The Romania Case Study9. Step by Step Cross-Case Analysis: First Steps

Researchers in education and social science have worried for decades over how to study multiple cases of the same phenomena and come up with viable conclusions. Robert Stake's careful analysis lays out the problems, the pitfalls, and the dangers of such an enterprise, and provides masterful, amply illustrated, easily understood, and reproducible solutions. All of us who study multiple sites will be grateful for this enormous gift, which analyzes and teaches simultaneously.--Howard S. Becker, PhD, author of Writing for Social Scientists and Tricks of the Trade“Stake does it again: takes up a murky research problem, such as how to integrate multiple case studies that do or don’t have a common subject, and shows us how to solve it. This book could be the basis for a superb graduate seminar or simply the 'manual' for a research team facing a dozen piles of results from case studies. It would also be excellent supplementary reading for a course in qualitative research methods that would provide students with an appreciation of the difficulties and possibilities of drawing conclusions from words.”--Les McLean, PhD, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (Emeritus), University of Toronto, CanadaThis book fills a major gap in the qualitative research and evaluation literature. Although multicase studies are a commonly used strategy, I know of no published work that provides a comprehensive, in-depth, and practical guide to the conduct of such studies. The book embodies the author’s extensive experience and deep understanding of this approach, and manages to be both groundbreaking and user-friendly. The detailed examples of case studies are a major strength of the book. This book would be appropriate as a textbook for advanced courses in qualitative or case study research, and also as a guide and resource for practicing researchers and evaluators.--Joseph A. Maxwell, PhD, Graduate School of Education, George Mason UniversityStake offers a very detailed, honest, and perceptive account of the methodology of cross-case analysis, and the dilemmas of generating both the 'case' and the 'generalization.'--Research Professor Ian Stronach, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UKStake's book provides the reader with hands-on experience in doing multicase research, offering theoretical insights, useful worksheets, and technical detail. The international Step by Step Early Childhood program implemented in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia is an ideal study area, with rich contextual data furnishing glimpses of the complexities of changing the patterns and ingrained practices of educational systems.--Henriette Heimgaertner, Bernard van Leer Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands-