Alex Mullen is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. She was previously Lumley Research Fellow at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and Affiliated Lecturer at the Faculty of Classics. Patrick James is a Research Associate at Jesus College, Cambridge, and an Assistant Editor for the Cambridge Greek Lexicon Project. He teaches Latin and Greek language and linguistics for the Faculty of Classics.

• 1. Introduction: multiple languages, multiple identities Alex Mullen; 2. Language maintenance and language shift in the Mediterranean world during the Roman Empire James Clackson; 3. Why did Coptic fail where Aramaic succeeded? Linguistic development in Egypt and the Near East after the Arab conquest Arietta Papaconstantinou; 4. Language contact in the pre-Roman and Roman Iberian peninsula: direct and indirect evidence Oliver Simkin; 5. Complaints of the natives in a Greek dress: the Zenon Archive and the problem of Egyptian interference Trevor Evans; 6. Linguae sacrae in ancient and medieval sources: an anthropological approach to ritual language Alderik Blom; 7. Typologies of translation techniques in Greek and Latin David Langslow; 8. Greek in early medieval Ireland Pádraic Moran; 9. An habes linguam Latinam? Non tam bene sapio: views of multilingualism from the early medieval West Paul Russell; 10. Towards an archaeology of bilingualism: on the study of Greek-Coptic education in late antique Egypt Scott Bucking; 11. Neo-Punic and Latin inscriptions in Roman North Africa: function and display Andrew Wilson; 12. Cultures as languages and languages as cultures Robin Osborne.

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