Multifunctional Materials

Divya Bajpai Tripathy, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India, with over 12 years of teaching experience. She has more than 60 research publications and one filed patent to her credit. She is working on a research project funded by the Government of India’s Department of Science and Technology as a principal investigator. She has guided 12 Masters research students and five doctorate students are registered under her supervision. Anjali Gupta, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India, with over 12 years of teaching experience. She has published nine patents and over 50 research papers in reputed international journals and conferences. Her areas of research include bioorganic chemistry, synthetic chemistry, and in-silico screening and synthesis of naturally occurring bioactive analogs. Arvind Kumar Jain, PhD, is a professor of Basic and Applied Sciences and Dean of Student Welfare at IILM University, Greater Noida, India. He has published nine patents and over 50 research papers in national and international journals and conference proceedings. In addition to his written work, he has delivered many invited talks at the national and international level. His main research areas include nanotechnology, analytical chemistry, and organic synthetic chemistry.

• Preface xxi1 Multifunctional Polymer Chemistry: Sustainable Synthetic Procedures 1Prem Shankar Mishra, Rakhi Mishra, Kabikant Chaurasiya and Tanya Gupta1.1 Introduction 11.2 Sustainable Synthetic Procedures for Multifunctional Polymer Synthesis 51.3 Functionalization of Multifunctional Polymers 121.4 Applications of Multifunctional Polymers 151.5 Future Perspectives and Challenges 161.6 Conclusion 18References 192 Biopolymers: Green and Sustainable Approach in Polymer Science 27Agrima Yadav and Shikha Yadav2.1 Introduction 272.2 Biopolymer Synthesis 322.3 Properties of Biopolymers 342.4 Applications of Biopolymers 372.5 Challenges and Future Perspectives 402.6 Conclusion 42References 423 Multifunctional Polymeric Materials 47Akshara Johari and Pooja Agarwal3.1 Introduction 473.2 Types of Multifunctional Polymeric Materials 483.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Polymeric Materials 553.4 Properties and Applications of Multifunctional Polymeric Materials 593.5 Application of Multifunctional Polymeric Materials 643.6 Future Prospects of Multifunctional Polymeric Materials and Conclusion 74References 754 Graphene-Based Polymer Composites for Aerospace, Electronic, Energy, and Biomedical Applications 81Asha Panghal, Yogendra Kumar, Prashant Kumar Mishra, Aakash Mathur and Amit Kumar Srivastava4.1 Introduction 814.2 Fundamentals of Multifunctional Composites/Nanocomposites 834.3 Advancements and Current Research in Multifunctional Nanocomposites 874.4 Applications of Multifunctional Composites/Nanocomposites 894.5 Conclusion and Future Outlook 97References 985 Multifunctional Supramolecular Polymers 105Ansar Ul Haq and Yasser Azim5.1 Introduction to Supramolecular Polymers 1055.2 Supramolecular Chemistry Overview 1075.3 Basic Supramolecular Polymer Principles 1075.4 Significant Characteristics of Supramolecular Polymers 1085.5 Molecular Self-Assembly and Supramolecular Chemistry 1095.6 Synthetic Approaches for Supramolecular Polymer Formation 1105.7 Analytical Techniques for Characterization of Supramolecular Polymers 1145.8 Applications of Supramolecular Polymers 1205.9 Recent Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry 1215.10 Future Aspects of Supramolecular Polymer Research 1225.11 Conclusion 122References 1236 Microbial Based Biolubricants: In-Depth Analysis 133Ninad Mhatre, Deepak Sonawane, Fatema Saiger, Prasad Sanap, Somesh Patil and Amit PratapList of Abbreviation 1336.1 Introduction 1346.2 Biolubricants: Substitutes for Conventional Lubricants 1376.3 Production of Biolubricants 1406.4 Bioactive Polysaccharides from Microalgae 1516.5 Biolubricants Synthesis Using Esterification and Transesterification Process 1616.6 Biolubricants Physical and Chemical Properties 1666.7 Expansion and Practical Viability on an Industrial Scale 1676.8 Future Aspects 168References 1697 Multifunctional Materials for Nanotechnology 181Aakash Mathur, Ankita Mathur, Prashant Kumar Mishra, Amit Kumar Srivastava and Yogendra Kumar7.1 Introduction 1817.2 Multifunctional Nanomaterials 1847.3 Synthesis and Characterization Techniques 1907.4 Challenges and Opportunities 2007.5 Conclusion 202References 2038 Multifunctional Materials Surface Science 207Mansi Sharma8.1 Introduction 2078.2 Surface Science Principles and Techniques 2088.3 Multifunctional Surfaces 2098.4 Synthesis and Fabrication of Multifunctional Surfaces 2128.5 Applications of Multifunctional Surfaces 2158.6 Challenges and Future Prospects 2188.7 Conclusion and Outlook 220References 2209 Polymer Emulsions, Surface, and Interface 225Bharti N. Naik, Subhalaxmi Pradhan and Chandu S. Madankar9.1 Introduction 2259.2 Emulsion, Types of Emulsions, and Properties 2269.3 Role of Emulsion in Surface Chemistry 2309.4 Polymeric Emulsion, Types, and Their Functions 2319.5 Preparation Method and Characterization of Polymer Emulsions 2349.6 Surface and Interface Characterization of Polymer Emulsion 2369.7 Applications of Polymeric Emulsions 2379.8 Conclusion 238References 23810 A Comprehensive Review on Advancement in Nano Polymer System for Drug Targeting 245Debashish Paramanick, Deepika Modi, Farheen and K. Nagarani10.1 Introduction 24610.2 Targeted Drug Delivery 24710.3 Designing Nano-Based Drug Delivery 24710.4 Targeting Strategies 24910.5 Types of Nano Drug Delivery Systems 25010.6 Characterization of Nano-Drug Delivery System 25410.7 Challenges of Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery 25510.8 Evaluation of Nanotechnology for Industrial Applications 25610.9 Application of Nanoparticle Technology 25710.10 Future of Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery System 261Conclusion 262References 26211 Multifunctional Materials in Engineering and Processing Engineering of Multifunctional Materials 273Akash Kumar, Srasti Yadav and Shelly Kujur11.1 Introduction 27311.2 Synthesis and Fabrication of Multifunctional Materials 27511.3 Characterization Techniques for Multifunctional Materials 27611.4 Structure-Property Relationships in Multifunctional Materials 27711.5 Processing of Multifunctional Materials 27911.6 Multifunctional Composites and Nanocomposites 28211.7 Electrical and Thermal Properties of Multifunctional Materials 28311.8 Optical and Magnetic Properties of Multifunctional Materials 28511.9 Applications of Multifunctional Materials 28711.10 Future Directions in Multifunctional Materials 28811.11 Emerging Trends and Developments in Multifunctional Materials 28911.12 Conclusion 290References 29112 Multifunction Materials Optoelectronic 295Amit Kumar Srivastava, Prashant Kumar Mishra, Aakash Mathur, Gurupada Maity and Yogendra Kumar12.1 Multifunction Materials Optoelectronic 29612.2 Multifunctional Materials for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 30112.3 Multifunctional Materials for Solar Cells 30512.4 Multifunctional Materials for Photodetectors 31012.5 Multifunctional Materials for Optical Sensors 31412.6 Multifunctional Materials for Display Technologies 31812.7 Multifunctional Materials for Optical Communications 32112.8 Multifunctional Materials for Future Optoelectronics 32512.9 Conclusion and Future Directions 326References 32813 Analytical Tools for Multifunctional Materials 335Javed Khan and Shikha Yadav13.1 Introduction 33513.2 Spectroscopy Technique 33713.3 Microscopy Technique 34313.4 Thermal Analysis Technique 34713.5 Mechanical Testing Technique 35013.6 Electrical and Magnetic Techniques 35413.7 Conclusion 357References 35714 Novel Study on Different Polysaccharides and Its Application in Solar Cell 365Ashlesha P. Kawale, Nishant Shekhar, Arti Srivastava, Navin Pradhan, Pravat K. Swain and S.Y. Bodkhe14.1 Introduction 36514.2 Generation of Photovoltaic Cell 36714.3 Advantages of Solar Cells 36814.4 Disadvantage of All-Generation Solar Cells 36914.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell 37014.6 Component of DSSC 37114.7 Operating Principle of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell 37414.8 Excitation Process 37414.9 Roll of Polysaccharides in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 37614.10 Results and Discussion 38714.11 Future Prospects 38814.12 Conclusion 389Acknowledgment 389References 39015 Multifunctional Biopolymers: Types, Preparation, and Industrial Applications 393Surabhi Pandey, Sweekriti Choudhry and Anurag Singh15.1 Introduction 39315.2 Sources of Biopolymers 39415.3 Methods of Biopolymer Processing 40215.4 Life Cycle Assessment of Biopolymers 40615.5 Applications of Biopolymers 40715.6 Conclusion and Future Prospectives 412References 41216 Nano-Pesticides, Nano-Herbicides and Nano-Fertilizers: Future Perspective 419Priyanka Chhabra, Akshara Johari, Divya Bajpai Tripathy and Anjali Gupta16.1 Introduction 41916.2 Nanotechnology and Its Importance in Agriculture 42016.3 Functions of Nanomaterials in Agriculture 42216.4 Focused Nano-Agromaterials 42816.5 Methods for Synthesis 43316.6 Properties of Nanomaterials Used in Agriculture 43416.7 Researches and Advancements 43616.8 Future Perspective 437References 43717 Nano-Surfactants: Types, Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications 441Divya Bajpai Tripathy, Sonali Kesarwani, Anjali Gupta and Priyanka Chhabra17.1 Introduction 44217.2 History of Nano-Surfactants 44217.3 Types of Nano-Surfactants 44317.4 Synthesis of Nano-Surfactants 44417.5 Characterization 44517.6 Properties of Nano-Surfactants 44617.7 Stratification of Nano-Surfactants 44917.8 Applications of Nano-Surfactants 44917.9 Conclusions 455References 45618 Magnetization Dynamics of Ferromagnetic Nanostructures for Spintronics and Bio-Medical Applications 461Monika Sharma, Ravi Kumar, Anjali Chauhan and Bijoy K. Kuanr18.1 Introduction 46118.2 Magnetization Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Nanostructures 46318.3 Experimental Techniques to Probe Magnetization Dynamics 46818.4 Dynamic Measurements of Magnetic Nanostructures 47218.5 Biomedical Applications 48518.6 Future Applications 48818.7 Conclusions 489References 489Index 497