Molecular Ecology

Häftad, Engelska, 2020

AvJoanna R. Freeland

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A fully updated guide to the increasingly prevalent use of molecular data in ecological studiesMolecular ecology is concerned with how molecular biology and population genetics may help us to better understand aspects of ecology and evolution including local adaptation, dispersal across landscapes, phylogeography, behavioral ecology, and conservation biology. As the technology driving genetic science has advanced, so too has this fast-moving and innovative discipline, providing important insights into virtually all taxonomic groups. This third edition of Molecular Ecology takes account of the breakthroughs achieved in recent years to give readers a thorough and up-to-date account of the field as it is today. New topics covered in this book include next-generation sequencing, metabarcoding, environmental DNA (eDNA) assays, and epigenetics. As one of molecular ecology’s leading figures, author Joanna Freeland also provides those new to the area with a full grounding in its fundamental concepts and principles. This important text: Is presented in an accessible, user-friendly mannerOffers a comprehensive introduction to molecular ecologyHas been revised to reflect the field’s most recent studies and research developmentsIncludes new chapters covering topics such as landscape genetics, metabarcoding, and community geneticsRich in insights that will benefit anyone interested in the ecology and evolution of natural populations, Molecular Ecology is an ideal guide for all students and professionals who wish to learn more about this exciting field.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2020-01-02
Mått170 x 241 x 18 mm
Vikt740 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor384
Upplaga3
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119426158

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Biologi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

About the Companion Website Page xiii1 Molecular Genetics in Ecology 1What is Molecular Ecology? 1DNA, RNA, and Protein 2Allozymes 5DNA: An Unlimited Source of Data 7Mutation and Recombination 8Epigenetic Marks 10Genomes 12Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 13Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) 13Haploid Chromosomes 16Polymerase Chain Reaction 16Quantitative PCR 19Sources of DNA 21Getting Data from PCR 22Fragment Sizes 22DNA Sequencing 25High Throughput Sequencing 26Overview 28Chapter Summary 29References 292 Molecular Markers in Ecology 35Understanding Molecular Markers 35Neutral Versus Adaptive Markers 35Genomes 36Animal Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 36Plant Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 39Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) 39Haploid Chromosomes 42Uniparental Markers: Some Final Considerations 43Molecular Markers 44Early Developments in Molecular Markers 45Allozymes 46PCR‐RFLPs 46Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) 47Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) 48Amplified Length Fragment Polymorphisms (AFLPs) 49Modified AFLPs: Methylation‐Sensitive Amplified Polymorphisms (MSAPs) 50Microsatellites 51DNA Sequencing 56Sequencing a Single Region of DNA 56Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) 59High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) 61RAD Sequencing 62Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing (GBS) 63Targeted Sequence Capture 63Whole‐Genome Sequencing 64Overview 65Chapter Summary 65References 663 Species 71Species Concepts 71DNA Barcoding 73Barcoding Applications 76Barcoding Limitations 79Metabarcoding 81Metagenomics 84Barcoding and Metabarcoding Environmental DNA (eDNA) 87Overview 91Chapter Summary 91References 924 Phylogeography 101What is Phylogeography? 101The Evolution of Phylogeographic Data Sets 102Molecular Clocks 104Bifurcating Trees 109The Coalescent 115Networks 117Model‐Based Phylogeographic Inference 120Long‐Term Climatic Fluctuations 121Glacial–Interglacial Cycles 121Marine Refugia 123Far‐Reaching Effects of Glaciation 125Dispersal and Vicariance 125Lineage Sorting 127Hybridization 130Applied Phylogeography: Biological Invasions 133Overview 136Chapter Summary 136References 1375 Genetic Analysis of Single Populations 149Why Study Single Populations? 149What is a Population? 149Quantifying Genetic Diversity 151Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium 152Estimates of Genetic Diversity 157Haploid Diversity 160Choice of Marker and Genome 162What Influences Genetic Diversity? 163Genetic Drift 163What is Effective Population Size? 164Census Population Size (Nc) 165Effective Number of Breeders (Nb) 165Estimating Ne from Demographic Data 165Estimating Ne from Genetic Data 166Estimating Ne: A Cautionary Note 170Ne, Genetic Drift, and Genetic Diversity 173Population Bottlenecks and Founder Effects 174Population Size and Decline 176Natural Selection 178Reproduction 180Inbreeding 182Ecology and Life History 186Overview 188Chapter Summary 188References 1896 Dispersal, Gene Flow, and Landscape Genetics 197Why Study Multiple Populations? 197What is Gene Flow? 197Why Do We Want to Quantify Gene Flow? 199Quantifying Gene Flow Among Discrete Populations 200F‐Statistics 201Assignment Tests 204Relatedness and Parentage Analysis 206Non‐a Priori Identification of Populations 207Landscape Genetics and Genomics 209Data Analysis in Landscape Genetics 214Isolation by Distance 216Isolation by Resistance 217Genotype–Environment Associations 218Contemporary Versus Historical Influences on Gene Flow 221Population Differentiation: Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, and Natural Selection 223Gene Flow and Genetic Drift 223Local Adaptation and Gene Flow 223Drift Versus Selection 225QST and FST 226Overview 228Chapter Summary 228References 2297 Behavioral Ecology 237How Do Genetic Data Help Us Understand Behavior? 237Mating Systems 238Monogamy 239Polygamy 239Parentage Analysis 241Extra‐Pair Fertilizations 244EPFs and Male Fitness 244EPFs from the Female Perspective: Adaptive Explanations 245EPFs from the Female Perspective: Non‐adaptive Explanations 247Social Breeding 252Cooperative Breeding – Indirect Benefits 253Cooperative Breeding – Direct Benefits 257Eusociality 257Sex‐Biased Dispersal 260Sex‐Biased Dispersal: Population‐Level Analyses 262Male Versus Female Genetic Differentiation 262Markers with Different Modes of Inheritance 263Relatedness 264Sex‐Biased Dispersal: Individual‐Level Analyses 266Assignment Indices 266Spatial Autocorrelation 268Parentage Analysis 268Concordant Results 270Foraging Ecology 271Overview 276Chapter Summary 276References 2778 Conservation Genetics 289Taxonomy 292Subspecies 294Taxa Below Subspecies 297Conservation Units and Adaptation 299Genetic Diversity 300Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Potential 301Transcriptomics and Epigenetics 303Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding 307Inbreeding Depression 310Purging and Balancing Selection 312Measuring and Inferring Inbreeding Depression 315Genetic Differentiation and Genetic Rescue 317Outbreeding Depression 320Reintroductions 321Hybridization 324Community Genetics 326Overview 330Chapter Summary 330References 331Glossary 343Index 359