Donald Wells Pfaffis a professor and head of the Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior at The Rockefeller University in New York City. Dr. Brigitte Kieffer is a French molecular neurobiologist known for her research of opiate receptors. Her areas of expertise include: molecular psychiatry, addiction, mood disorders, pain, and developmental disorders.

• Preface: Donald Pfaff and Brigitte L. Kieffer. Mechanisms for the Regulation of State Changes in the Central Nervous System: An Introduction: Donald W. Pfaff, Brigitte L. Kieffer, and Larry W. Swanson.Part I: Elementary Central Nervous System Arousal:.Mechanisms in the Animal Brain.1. Concepts and Mechanisms of Generalized Central Nervous System Arousal: Donald Pfaff, Ana Ribeiro, James Matthews, and Lee-Ming Kow.2. Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by Cholinergic and Orexinergic Systems: Barbara E. Jones.3. Dopamine Signaling in the Dorsal Striatum is Essential for Motivated Behaviors: Lessons from Dopamine-deficient Mice: Richard D. Palmiter.4. Ablation of the Central Noradrenergic Neurons for Unraveling Their Roles in Stress and Anxiety: Keiichi Itoi.Heightened States of Arousal: Sex and Fear.5. Neural Substrates for Sexual Preference and Motivation in the Female and Male Rat: Yasuo Sakuma.6. Motivational Influences on the Degree and Direction of Sexual Attraction: Marisela Hernández-González, Miguel Angel Guevara, and Anders Ågmo.7. Fear Conditioning and LTP in the Amygdala: What Really is the Connection?: P. Sah, R. F. Westbrook, and A. Lüthi.8. Insights into the Pharmacological Potential of Estrogens and Phytoestrogens on Catecholamine Signaling: Nobuyuki Yanagihara, Yumiko Toyohira, and Yuko Shinohara.Elementary Central Nervous System Arousal: Clinical Studies.9. Central Thalamic Contributions to Arousal Regulation and Neurological Disorders of Consciousness: Nicholas D. Schiff.10. Intrinsic Brain Activity in Altered States of Consciousness: How Conscious is the Default Mode of Brain Function?: M. Boly, C. Phillips, L. Tshibanda, A. Vanhaudenhuyse, M. Schabus, T.T. Dang-Vu, G. Moonen, R. Hustinx, P. Maquet, and S. Laureys.11. Detecting Awareness in the Vegetative State: Adrian M. Owen and Martin R. Coleman.Part II: The Emotion–Cognition Interface:.12. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Selective Attention to Threat: Sonia J Bishop.13. Toward a Neurogenetic Theory of Neuroticism: Turhan Canli.14. Gene Expression is Altered in the Lateral Hypothalamus upon Activation of the Mu Opioid Receptor: K. Befort, D. Filliol, E. Darcq, A. Ghate, A. Matifas, A. Lardenois, J. Muller, C. Thibault, D. Dembele, O. Poch, and B.L. Kieffer.15. Bipolar Disorder as Maladaptive Arousal: A Behavioral Model and Evidence: Dean F. MacKinnon.Part III: Alertness and Attention:.Underlying Mechanisms.16. Measuring Alertness: Michael I. Posner.17. Molecular Genetics of Attention: Mark A. Bellgrove and Jason B. Mattingley.18. Anatomical Basis for the Attentional Modulation of Hippocampal Neurons: David C. Rowland and Clifford G. Kentros.19. Cholinergic Mediation of Attention: Contributions of Phasic and Tonic Increases in Prefrontal Cholinergic Activity: Vinay Parikh and Martin Sarter.Attention Deficit Disorders.20. Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Influence of Arousal on Prefrontal Cortical Function: Avis R. Brennan and Amy F.T. Arnsten.21. Placing Neuroanatomical Models of Executive Function in a Developmental Context: Imaging and Imaging-genetic Strategies: Karin Brocki, Jin Fan, and John Fossella.22. Functional Gene Variation in the Human Norepinephrine Transporter: Association with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Chun-Hyung Kim, Irwin D. Waldman, Randy D. Blakely, and Kwang-Soo Kim.Part IV: Circadian Rhythms in the Activation of Behavior:.Physiologic Mechanisms of Arousal and Sleep.23. Circadian and Homeostatic Factors in Arousal: Rae Silver and Joseph LeSauter.24. Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep and Arousal: Ronald Szymusiak and Dennis McGinty.25. Associations between Sleep Loss and Increased Risk of Obesity and Diabetes: Kristen L. Knutson and Eve Van Cauter.26. Sleep Deprivation and Vigilant Attention: Julian Lim and David F. Dinges..Genomics of Sleep and Biological Clocks.27. Sleep and Wakefulness in Drosophila melanogaster: Chiara Cirelli and Daniel Bushey.28. Why does Consciousness Fade in Early Sleep?: Giulio Tononi and Marcello Massimini.29. Molecular Mechanisms of Sleep and Wakefulness: Miroslaw Mackiewicz, Nirinjini Naidoo, John E. Zimmerman, and Allan I. Pack.30. The In(put)s and Out(put)s of the Drosophila Circadian Clock: Catharine E. Boothroyd and Michael W. Young.31. Peripheral Circadian Oscillators: Interesting Mechanisms and Powerful Tools: Ludmila Cuninkova and Steven A. Brown