Marcelo Godoy Simões is the director of the Center for Advanced Control of Energy and Power Systems (ACEPS) at Colorado School of Mines. He was an US Fulbright Fellow for Aalborg University, Institute of Energy Technology (Denmark).  He is IEEE Fellow, with the citation: "for applications of artificial intelligence in control of power electronics systems." Dr. Simões is a pioneer to apply neural networks and fuzzy logic in power electronics, motor drives and renewable energy systems. He is co-author of the book Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy (Wiley 2006), now in the second edition.Felix A. Farret is co-author of the book Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy (Wiley 2006, now in the second edition). Currently he is a Professor in the Department of Processing Energy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Since 1974, he has taught undergraduate and graduate courses and has been conducting research and development in industrial electronics and alternative energy sources.

• Foreword xiPreface xiii1 Introduction to Electrical Engineering Simulation 11.1 Fundamentals of State-Space-Based Modeling 41.2 Example of Modeling an Electrical Network 61.3 Transfer Function 91.3.1 State Space to Transfer Function Conversion 101.4 Modeling and Simulation of Energy Systems and Power Electronics 121.5 Suggested Problems 18Further Reading 252 Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Mesh and Nodal Analysis 272.1 Introduction 272.2 Solution of Matrix Equations 282.3 Laboratory Project : Mesh and Nodal Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Superposition Theorem 292.4 Suggested Problems 37References 40Further Reading 403 Modeling and Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Block Diagrams 433.1 Introduction 433.2 Laboratory Project: Transient Response Study and Laplace Transform-Based Analysis Block Diagram Simulation 453.3 Comparison with Phasor-Based Steady-State Analysis 523.4 Finding the Equivalent Thèvenin 543.5 Suggested Problems 56Further Reading 584 Power Electronics: Electrical Circuit-Oriented Simulation 614.1 Introduction 614.2 Case Study: Half-Wave Rectifier 674.3 Laboratory Project: Electrical Circuit Simulation Using PSIM and Simscape Power Systems MATLAB Analysis 724.4 Suggested Problems 79Further Reading 815 Designing Power Electronic Control Systems 835.1 Introduction 835.1.1 Control System Design 855.1.2 Proportional–Integral Closed-Loop Control 865.2 Laboratory Project: Design of a DC/DC Boost Converter Control 895.2.1 Ideal Boost Converter 895.2.2 Small Signal Model and Deriving the Transfer Function of Boost Converter 905.2.3 Control Block Diagram and Transfer Function 935.3 Design of a Type III Compensated Error Amplifier 955.3.1 K Method 955.3.2 Poles and Zeros Placement in the Type III Amplifier 965.4 Controller Design 975.5 PSIM Simulation Studies for the DC/DC Boost Converter 995.6 Boost Converter: Average Model 995.7 Full Circuit for the DC/DC Boost Converter 1035.8 Laboratory Project: Design of a Discrete Control in MATLAB Corunning with a DC Motor Model in Simulink 1075.9 Suggested Problems 112References 116Further Reading 1166 Instrumentation and Control Interfaces for Energy Systems and Power Electronics 1176.1 Introduction 1176.1.1 Sensors and Transducers for Power Systems Data Acquisition 1186.2 Passive Electrical Sensors 1196.2.1 Resistive Sensors 1196.2.2 Capacitive Sensors 1216.2.3 Inductive Sensors 1236.3 Electronic Interface for Computational Data in Power Systems and Instrumentation 1256.3.1 O perational Amplifiers 1256.4 Analog Amplifiers for Data Acquisition and Power System Driving 1256.4.1 Level Detector or Comparator 1266.4.2 Standard Differential Amplifier for Instrumentation and Control 1276.4.3 O ptically Isolated Amplifier 1286.4.4 The V–I Converter of a Single Input and Floating Load 1306.4.5 Schmitt Trigger Comparator 1316.4.6 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) 1316.4.7 Phase Shifting 1316.4.8 Precision Diode, Precision Rectifier, and the Absolute Value Amplifier 1346.4.9 High-Gain Amplifier with Low-Value Resistors 1366.4.10 Class B Feedback Push–Pull Amplifiers 1376.4.11 Triangular Waveform Generator 1376.4.12 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 1386.5 Laboratory Project: Design a PWM Controller with Error Amplifier 1406.6 Suggested Problems 140References 1457 Modeling Electrical Machines 1477.1 Introduction to Modeling Electrical Machines 1477.2 Equivalent Circuit of a Linear Induction Machine Connected to the Network 1487.3 PSIM Block of a Linear IM Connected to the Distribution Network 1507.4 PSIM Saturated IM Model Connected to the Distribution Network 1527.5 Doubly Fed Induction Machine Connected to the Distribution Network 1547.6 DC Motor Powering the Shaft of a Self-Excited Induction Generator 1567.7 Modeling a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) 1587.8 Modeling a Saturated Transformer 1587.9 Laboratory Project: Transient Response of a Single-Phase Nonideal Transformer for Three Types of Power Supply—Sinusoidal, Square Wave, and SPWM 1587.10 Suggested Problems 169References 175Further Reading 1758 Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Inverters 1778.1 Introduction 1778.2 Constant Current Control 1818.3 Constant P–Q Control 1828.4 Constant P–V Control 1838.5 IEEE 1547 and Associated Controls 1848.6 P+Resonant Stationary Frame Control 1878.7 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for Grid Synchronization 1888.8 Laboratory Project: Simulation of a Grid-Connected/Stand-Alone Inverter 1908.9 Suggested Problems 197References 199Further Reading 2019 Modeling Alternative Sources of Energy 2039.1 Electrical Modeling of Alternative Power Plants 2039.2 Modeling a Photovoltaic Power Plant 2049.3 Modeling an Induction Generator (IG) 2059.4 Modeling a SEIG Wind Power Plant 2079.5 Modeling a DFIG Wind Power Plant 2089.6 Modeling a PMSG Wind Power Plant 2089.7 Modeling a Fuel Cell Stack 2119.8 Modeling a Lead Acid Battery Bank 2159.9 Modeling an Integrated Power Plant 2199.10 Suggested Problems 224References 22510 Power Quality Analysis 22710.1 Introduction 22710.2 Fourier Series 23110.3 Discrete Fourier Transform for Harmonic Evaluation of Electrical Signals 23710.3.1 Practical Implementation Issues of DFT Using FFT 23710.4 Electrical Power and Power Factor Computation for Distorted Conditions 23910.5 Laboratory Project: Design of a DFT-Based Electrical Power Evaluation Function in MATLAB 24210.6 Suggested Problems 250References 253Further Reading 25311 From PSIM Simulation to Hardware Implementation in DSP 255Hua Jin11.1 Introduction 25511.2 PSIM Overview 25511.3 From Analog Control to Digital Control 25711.4 Automatic Code Generation in PSIM 26411.4.1 TI F28335 DSP Peripheral Blocks 26511.4.2 Adding DSP Peripheral Blocks 26611.4.3 Defining SCI Blocks for Real-Time Monitoring and Debugging 27111.5 PIL Simulation with PSIM 27211.6 Conclusion 275References 278Further Reading 27812 Digital Processing Techniques applied to Power Electronics 279Danilo Iglesias Brandão and Fernando Pinhabel Marafão12.1 Introduction 27912.2 Basic Digital Processing Techniques 28012.2.1 Instantaneous and Discrete Signal Calculations 28012.2.2 Derivative and Integral Value Calculation 28012.2.3 Moving Average Filter 28212.2.4 Laboratory Project: Active Current Calculation 28612.3 Fundamental Component Identification 28712.3.1 IIR Filter 28812.3.2 FIR Filter 29012.3.3 Laboratory Project: THD Calculation 29112.4 Fortescue’s Sequence Components Identification 29312.4.1 Sequence Component Identification Using IIR Filter 29612.4.2 Sequence Component Identification Using DCT Filter 29712.4.3 Laboratory Project: Calculation of Negative- and Zero-Sequence Factors 29812.5 Natural Reference Frame PLLs 30012.5.1 Single-Phase PLL 30112.5.2 Three-Phase PLL 30212.5.3 Laboratory Project: Single-Phase PLL Implementation 30312.5.4 Laboratory Project: Fundamental Wave Detector Based on PLL 30612.6 MPPT Techniques 30712.6.1 Perturb and Observe 31012.6.2 Incremental Conductance 31012.6.3 Beta Technique 31212.6.4 Laboratory Project: Implementing the IC Technique 31212.7 Islanding Detection 31412.7.1 Laboratory Project: Passive Islanding Detection Based on IEEE Std. 1547 31512.8 Suggested Problems 317References 319Index 321

Marcelo Godoy Simões is the director of the Center for Advanced Control of Energy and Power Systems (ACEPS) at Colorado School of Mines. He was an US Fulbright Fellow for Aalborg University, Institute of Energy Technology (Denmark).  He is IEEE Fellow, with the citation: "for applications of artificial intelligence in control of power electronics systems." Dr. Simões is a pioneer to apply neural networks and fuzzy logic in power electronics, motor drives and renewable energy systems. He is co-author of the book Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy (Wiley 2006), now in the second edition.Felix A. Farret is co-author of the book Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy (Wiley 2006, now in the second edition). Currently he is a Professor in the Department of Processing Energy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Since 1974, he has taught undergraduate and graduate courses and has been conducting research and development in industrial electronics and alternative energy sources.

• Foreword xiPreface xiii1 Introduction to Electrical Engineering Simulation 11.1 Fundamentals of State-Space-Based Modeling 41.2 Example of Modeling an Electrical Network 61.3 Transfer Function 91.3.1 State Space to Transfer Function Conversion 101.4 Modeling and Simulation of Energy Systems and Power Electronics 121.5 Suggested Problems 18Further Reading 252 Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Mesh and Nodal Analysis 272.1 Introduction 272.2 Solution of Matrix Equations 282.3 Laboratory Project : Mesh and Nodal Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Superposition Theorem 292.4 Suggested Problems 37References 40Further Reading 403 Modeling and Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Block Diagrams 433.1 Introduction 433.2 Laboratory Project: Transient Response Study and Laplace Transform-Based Analysis Block Diagram Simulation 453.3 Comparison with Phasor-Based Steady-State Analysis 523.4 Finding the Equivalent Thèvenin 543.5 Suggested Problems 56Further Reading 584 Power Electronics: Electrical Circuit-Oriented Simulation 614.1 Introduction 614.2 Case Study: Half-Wave Rectifier 674.3 Laboratory Project: Electrical Circuit Simulation Using PSIM and Simscape Power Systems MATLAB Analysis 724.4 Suggested Problems 79Further Reading 815 Designing Power Electronic Control Systems 835.1 Introduction 835.1.1 Control System Design 855.1.2 Proportional–Integral Closed-Loop Control 865.2 Laboratory Project: Design of a DC/DC Boost Converter Control 895.2.1 Ideal Boost Converter 895.2.2 Small Signal Model and Deriving the Transfer Function of Boost Converter 905.2.3 Control Block Diagram and Transfer Function 935.3 Design of a Type III Compensated Error Amplifier 955.3.1 K Method 955.3.2 Poles and Zeros Placement in the Type III Amplifier 965.4 Controller Design 975.5 PSIM Simulation Studies for the DC/DC Boost Converter 995.6 Boost Converter: Average Model 995.7 Full Circuit for the DC/DC Boost Converter 1035.8 Laboratory Project: Design of a Discrete Control in MATLAB Corunning with a DC Motor Model in Simulink 1075.9 Suggested Problems 112References 116Further Reading 1166 Instrumentation and Control Interfaces for Energy Systems and Power Electronics 1176.1 Introduction 1176.1.1 Sensors and Transducers for Power Systems Data Acquisition 1186.2 Passive Electrical Sensors 1196.2.1 Resistive Sensors 1196.2.2 Capacitive Sensors 1216.2.3 Inductive Sensors 1236.3 Electronic Interface for Computational Data in Power Systems and Instrumentation 1256.3.1 O perational Amplifiers 1256.4 Analog Amplifiers for Data Acquisition and Power System Driving 1256.4.1 Level Detector or Comparator 1266.4.2 Standard Differential Amplifier for Instrumentation and Control 1276.4.3 O ptically Isolated Amplifier 1286.4.4 The V–I Converter of a Single Input and Floating Load 1306.4.5 Schmitt Trigger Comparator 1316.4.6 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) 1316.4.7 Phase Shifting 1316.4.8 Precision Diode, Precision Rectifier, and the Absolute Value Amplifier 1346.4.9 High-Gain Amplifier with Low-Value Resistors 1366.4.10 Class B Feedback Push–Pull Amplifiers 1376.4.11 Triangular Waveform Generator 1376.4.12 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 1386.5 Laboratory Project: Design a PWM Controller with Error Amplifier 1406.6 Suggested Problems 140References 1457 Modeling Electrical Machines 1477.1 Introduction to Modeling Electrical Machines 1477.2 Equivalent Circuit of a Linear Induction Machine Connected to the Network 1487.3 PSIM Block of a Linear IM Connected to the Distribution Network 1507.4 PSIM Saturated IM Model Connected to the Distribution Network 1527.5 Doubly Fed Induction Machine Connected to the Distribution Network 1547.6 DC Motor Powering the Shaft of a Self-Excited Induction Generator 1567.7 Modeling a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) 1587.8 Modeling a Saturated Transformer 1587.9 Laboratory Project: Transient Response of a Single-Phase Nonideal Transformer for Three Types of Power Supply—Sinusoidal, Square Wave, and SPWM 1587.10 Suggested Problems 169References 175Further Reading 1758 Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Inverters 1778.1 Introduction 1778.2 Constant Current Control 1818.3 Constant P–Q Control 1828.4 Constant P–V Control 1838.5 IEEE 1547 and Associated Controls 1848.6 P+Resonant Stationary Frame Control 1878.7 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for Grid Synchronization 1888.8 Laboratory Project: Simulation of a Grid-Connected/Stand-Alone Inverter 1908.9 Suggested Problems 197References 199Further Reading 2019 Modeling Alternative Sources of Energy 2039.1 Electrical Modeling of Alternative Power Plants 2039.2 Modeling a Photovoltaic Power Plant 2049.3 Modeling an Induction Generator (IG) 2059.4 Modeling a SEIG Wind Power Plant 2079.5 Modeling a DFIG Wind Power Plant 2089.6 Modeling a PMSG Wind Power Plant 2089.7 Modeling a Fuel Cell Stack 2119.8 Modeling a Lead Acid Battery Bank 2159.9 Modeling an Integrated Power Plant 2199.10 Suggested Problems 224References 22510 Power Quality Analysis 22710.1 Introduction 22710.2 Fourier Series 23110.3 Discrete Fourier Transform for Harmonic Evaluation of Electrical Signals 23710.3.1 Practical Implementation Issues of DFT Using FFT 23710.4 Electrical Power and Power Factor Computation for Distorted Conditions 23910.5 Laboratory Project: Design of a DFT-Based Electrical Power Evaluation Function in MATLAB 24210.6 Suggested Problems 250References 253Further Reading 25311 From PSIM Simulation to Hardware Implementation in DSP 255Hua Jin11.1 Introduction 25511.2 PSIM Overview 25511.3 From Analog Control to Digital Control 25711.4 Automatic Code Generation in PSIM 26411.4.1 TI F28335 DSP Peripheral Blocks 26511.4.2 Adding DSP Peripheral Blocks 26611.4.3 Defining SCI Blocks for Real-Time Monitoring and Debugging 27111.5 PIL Simulation with PSIM 27211.6 Conclusion 275References 278Further Reading 27812 Digital Processing Techniques applied to Power Electronics 279Danilo Iglesias Brandão and Fernando Pinhabel Marafão12.1 Introduction 27912.2 Basic Digital Processing Techniques 28012.2.1 Instantaneous and Discrete Signal Calculations 28012.2.2 Derivative and Integral Value Calculation 28012.2.3 Moving Average Filter 28212.2.4 Laboratory Project: Active Current Calculation 28612.3 Fundamental Component Identification 28712.3.1 IIR Filter 28812.3.2 FIR Filter 29012.3.3 Laboratory Project: THD Calculation 29112.4 Fortescue’s Sequence Components Identification 29312.4.1 Sequence Component Identification Using IIR Filter 29612.4.2 Sequence Component Identification Using DCT Filter 29712.4.3 Laboratory Project: Calculation of Negative- and Zero-Sequence Factors 29812.5 Natural Reference Frame PLLs 30012.5.1 Single-Phase PLL 30112.5.2 Three-Phase PLL 30212.5.3 Laboratory Project: Single-Phase PLL Implementation 30312.5.4 Laboratory Project: Fundamental Wave Detector Based on PLL 30612.6 MPPT Techniques 30712.6.1 Perturb and Observe 31012.6.2 Incremental Conductance 31012.6.3 Beta Technique 31212.6.4 Laboratory Project: Implementing the IC Technique 31212.7 Islanding Detection 31412.7.1 Laboratory Project: Passive Islanding Detection Based on IEEE Std. 1547 31512.8 Suggested Problems 317References 319Index 321

Marcelo Godoy Simões is the director of the Center for Advanced Control of Energy and Power Systems (ACEPS) at Colorado School of Mines. He was an US Fulbright Fellow for Aalborg University, Institute of Energy Technology (Denmark).  He is IEEE Fellow, with the citation: "for applications of artificial intelligence in control of power electronics systems." Dr. Simões is a pioneer to apply neural networks and fuzzy logic in power electronics, motor drives and renewable energy systems. He is co-author of the book Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy (Wiley 2006), now in the second edition.Felix A. Farret is co-author of the book Integration of Alternative Sources of Energy (Wiley 2006, now in the second edition). Currently he is a Professor in the Department of Processing Energy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Since 1974, he has taught undergraduate and graduate courses and has been conducting research and development in industrial electronics and alternative energy sources.

• Foreword xiPreface xiii1 Introduction to Electrical Engineering Simulation 11.1 Fundamentals of State-Space-Based Modeling 41.2 Example of Modeling an Electrical Network 61.3 Transfer Function 91.3.1 State Space to Transfer Function Conversion 101.4 Modeling and Simulation of Energy Systems and Power Electronics 121.5 Suggested Problems 18Further Reading 252 Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Mesh and Nodal Analysis 272.1 Introduction 272.2 Solution of Matrix Equations 282.3 Laboratory Project : Mesh and Nodal Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Superposition Theorem 292.4 Suggested Problems 37References 40Further Reading 403 Modeling and Analysis of Electrical Circuits with Block Diagrams 433.1 Introduction 433.2 Laboratory Project: Transient Response Study and Laplace Transform-Based Analysis Block Diagram Simulation 453.3 Comparison with Phasor-Based Steady-State Analysis 523.4 Finding the Equivalent Thèvenin 543.5 Suggested Problems 56Further Reading 584 Power Electronics: Electrical Circuit-Oriented Simulation 614.1 Introduction 614.2 Case Study: Half-Wave Rectifier 674.3 Laboratory Project: Electrical Circuit Simulation Using PSIM and Simscape Power Systems MATLAB Analysis 724.4 Suggested Problems 79Further Reading 815 Designing Power Electronic Control Systems 835.1 Introduction 835.1.1 Control System Design 855.1.2 Proportional–Integral Closed-Loop Control 865.2 Laboratory Project: Design of a DC/DC Boost Converter Control 895.2.1 Ideal Boost Converter 895.2.2 Small Signal Model and Deriving the Transfer Function of Boost Converter 905.2.3 Control Block Diagram and Transfer Function 935.3 Design of a Type III Compensated Error Amplifier 955.3.1 K Method 955.3.2 Poles and Zeros Placement in the Type III Amplifier 965.4 Controller Design 975.5 PSIM Simulation Studies for the DC/DC Boost Converter 995.6 Boost Converter: Average Model 995.7 Full Circuit for the DC/DC Boost Converter 1035.8 Laboratory Project: Design of a Discrete Control in MATLAB Corunning with a DC Motor Model in Simulink 1075.9 Suggested Problems 112References 116Further Reading 1166 Instrumentation and Control Interfaces for Energy Systems and Power Electronics 1176.1 Introduction 1176.1.1 Sensors and Transducers for Power Systems Data Acquisition 1186.2 Passive Electrical Sensors 1196.2.1 Resistive Sensors 1196.2.2 Capacitive Sensors 1216.2.3 Inductive Sensors 1236.3 Electronic Interface for Computational Data in Power Systems and Instrumentation 1256.3.1 O perational Amplifiers 1256.4 Analog Amplifiers for Data Acquisition and Power System Driving 1256.4.1 Level Detector or Comparator 1266.4.2 Standard Differential Amplifier for Instrumentation and Control 1276.4.3 O ptically Isolated Amplifier 1286.4.4 The V–I Converter of a Single Input and Floating Load 1306.4.5 Schmitt Trigger Comparator 1316.4.6 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) 1316.4.7 Phase Shifting 1316.4.8 Precision Diode, Precision Rectifier, and the Absolute Value Amplifier 1346.4.9 High-Gain Amplifier with Low-Value Resistors 1366.4.10 Class B Feedback Push–Pull Amplifiers 1376.4.11 Triangular Waveform Generator 1376.4.12 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 1386.5 Laboratory Project: Design a PWM Controller with Error Amplifier 1406.6 Suggested Problems 140References 1457 Modeling Electrical Machines 1477.1 Introduction to Modeling Electrical Machines 1477.2 Equivalent Circuit of a Linear Induction Machine Connected to the Network 1487.3 PSIM Block of a Linear IM Connected to the Distribution Network 1507.4 PSIM Saturated IM Model Connected to the Distribution Network 1527.5 Doubly Fed Induction Machine Connected to the Distribution Network 1547.6 DC Motor Powering the Shaft of a Self-Excited Induction Generator 1567.7 Modeling a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) 1587.8 Modeling a Saturated Transformer 1587.9 Laboratory Project: Transient Response of a Single-Phase Nonideal Transformer for Three Types of Power Supply—Sinusoidal, Square Wave, and SPWM 1587.10 Suggested Problems 169References 175Further Reading 1758 Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Inverters 1778.1 Introduction 1778.2 Constant Current Control 1818.3 Constant P–Q Control 1828.4 Constant P–V Control 1838.5 IEEE 1547 and Associated Controls 1848.6 P+Resonant Stationary Frame Control 1878.7 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for Grid Synchronization 1888.8 Laboratory Project: Simulation of a Grid-Connected/Stand-Alone Inverter 1908.9 Suggested Problems 197References 199Further Reading 2019 Modeling Alternative Sources of Energy 2039.1 Electrical Modeling of Alternative Power Plants 2039.2 Modeling a Photovoltaic Power Plant 2049.3 Modeling an Induction Generator (IG) 2059.4 Modeling a SEIG Wind Power Plant 2079.5 Modeling a DFIG Wind Power Plant 2089.6 Modeling a PMSG Wind Power Plant 2089.7 Modeling a Fuel Cell Stack 2119.8 Modeling a Lead Acid Battery Bank 2159.9 Modeling an Integrated Power Plant 2199.10 Suggested Problems 224References 22510 Power Quality Analysis 22710.1 Introduction 22710.2 Fourier Series 23110.3 Discrete Fourier Transform for Harmonic Evaluation of Electrical Signals 23710.3.1 Practical Implementation Issues of DFT Using FFT 23710.4 Electrical Power and Power Factor Computation for Distorted Conditions 23910.5 Laboratory Project: Design of a DFT-Based Electrical Power Evaluation Function in MATLAB 24210.6 Suggested Problems 250References 253Further Reading 25311 From PSIM Simulation to Hardware Implementation in DSP 255Hua Jin11.1 Introduction 25511.2 PSIM Overview 25511.3 From Analog Control to Digital Control 25711.4 Automatic Code Generation in PSIM 26411.4.1 TI F28335 DSP Peripheral Blocks 26511.4.2 Adding DSP Peripheral Blocks 26611.4.3 Defining SCI Blocks for Real-Time Monitoring and Debugging 27111.5 PIL Simulation with PSIM 27211.6 Conclusion 275References 278Further Reading 27812 Digital Processing Techniques applied to Power Electronics 279Danilo Iglesias Brandão and Fernando Pinhabel Marafão12.1 Introduction 27912.2 Basic Digital Processing Techniques 28012.2.1 Instantaneous and Discrete Signal Calculations 28012.2.2 Derivative and Integral Value Calculation 28012.2.3 Moving Average Filter 28212.2.4 Laboratory Project: Active Current Calculation 28612.3 Fundamental Component Identification 28712.3.1 IIR Filter 28812.3.2 FIR Filter 29012.3.3 Laboratory Project: THD Calculation 29112.4 Fortescue’s Sequence Components Identification 29312.4.1 Sequence Component Identification Using IIR Filter 29612.4.2 Sequence Component Identification Using DCT Filter 29712.4.3 Laboratory Project: Calculation of Negative- and Zero-Sequence Factors 29812.5 Natural Reference Frame PLLs 30012.5.1 Single-Phase PLL 30112.5.2 Three-Phase PLL 30212.5.3 Laboratory Project: Single-Phase PLL Implementation 30312.5.4 Laboratory Project: Fundamental Wave Detector Based on PLL 30612.6 MPPT Techniques 30712.6.1 Perturb and Observe 31012.6.2 Incremental Conductance 31012.6.3 Beta Technique 31212.6.4 Laboratory Project: Implementing the IC Technique 31212.7 Islanding Detection 31412.7.1 Laboratory Project: Passive Islanding Detection Based on IEEE Std. 1547 31512.8 Suggested Problems 317References 319Index 321