Michael R. W. Dawson is a professor of psychology atthe University of Alberta. He is the author of numerous scientificpapers as well as the books Understanding Cognitive Science(1998), Minds and Machines (2004), Connectionism: AHands-on Approach (2005), and From Bricks to Brains: TheEmbodied Cognitive Science of LEGO Robots (2010).

• List of Figures and Tables ixPreface xiiiWho Is This Book Written For? xivAcknowledgements xvChapter 1. The Cognitive Sciences: One or Many? 11.0 Chapter Overview 11.1 A Fragmented Psychology 21.2 A Unified Cognitive Science 31.3 Cognitive Science or the Cognitive Sciences? 61.4 Cognitive Science: Pre-paradigmatic? 131.5 A Plan of Action 16Chapter 2. Multiple Levels of Investigation 192.0 Chapter Overview 192.1 Machines and Minds 202.2 From the Laws of Thought to Binary Logic 232.3 From the Formal to the Physical 292.4 Multiple Procedures and Architectures 322.5 Relays and Multiple Realizations 352.6 Multiple Levels of Investigation and Explanation 382.7 Formal Accounts of Input-Output Mappings 402.8 Behaviour by Design and by Artifact 412.9 Algorithms from Artifacts 432.10 Architectures against Homunculi 462.11 Implementing Architectures 482.12 Levelling the Field 51Chapter 3. Elements of Classical Cognitive Science 553.0 Chapter Overview 553.1 Mind, Disembodied 563.2 Mechanizing the Infinite 593.3 Phrase Markers and Fractals 653.4 Behaviourism, Language, and Recursion 683.5 Underdetermination and Innateness 723.6 Physical Symbol Systems 753.7 Componentiality, Computability, and Cognition 783.8 The Intentional Stance 823.9 Structure and Process 853.10 A Classical Architecture for Cognition 893.11 Weak Equivalence and the Turing Test 933.12 Towards Strong Equivalence 973.13 The Impenetrable Architecture 1063.14 Modularity of Mind 1133.15 Reverse Engineering 1193.16 What is Classical Cognitive Science? 122Chapter 4. Elements of Connectionist Cognitive Science 1254.0 Chapter Overview 1254.1 Nurture versus Nature 1264.2 Associations 1334.3 Nonlinear Transformations 1394.4 The Connectionist Sandwich 1424.5 Connectionist Computations: An Overview 1484.6 Beyond the Terminal Meta-postulate 1494.7 What Do Output Unit Activities Represent? 1524.8 Connectionist Algorithms: An Overview 1584.9 Empiricism and Internal Representations 1594.10 Chord Classification by a Multilayer Perceptron 1624.11 Trigger Features 1724.12 A Parallel Distributed Production System 1774.13 Of Coarse Codes 1844.14 Architectural Connectionism: An Overview 1884.15 New Powers of Old Networks 1894.16 Connectionist Reorientation 1934.17 Perceptrons and Jazz Progressions 1954.18 What Is Connectionist Cognitive Science? 198Chapter 5. Elements of Embodied Cognitive Science 2055.0 Chapter Overview 2055.1 Abandoning Methodological Solipsism 2065.2 Societal Computing 2105.3 Stigmergy and Superorganisms 2125.4 Embodiment, Situatedness, and Feedback 2165.5 Umwelten, Affordances, and Enactive Perception 2195.6 Horizontal Layers of Control 2225.7 Mind in Action 2245.8 The Extended Mind 2305.9 The Roots of Forward Engineering 2355.10 Reorientation without Representation 2395.11 Robotic Moments in Social Environments 2455.12 The Architecture of Mind Reading 2505.13 Levels of Embodied Cognitive Science 2555.14 What Is Embodied Cognitive Science? 260Chapter 6. Classical Music and Cognitive Science 2656.0 Chapter Overview 2656.1 The Classical Nature of Classical Music 2666.2 The Classical Approach to Musical Cognition 2736.3 Musical Romanticism and Connectionism 2806.4 The Connectionist Approach to Musical Cognition 2866.5 The Embodied Nature of Modern Music 2916.6 The Embodied Approach to Musical Cognition 3016.7 Cognitive Science and Classical Music 307Chapter 7. Marks of the Classical? 3157.0 Chapter Overview 3157.1 Symbols and Situations 3167.2 Marks of the Classical 3247.3 Centralized versus Decentralized Control 3267.4 Serial versus Parallel Processing 3347.5 Local versus Distributed Representations 3397.6 Internal Representations 3437.7 Explicit Rules versus Implicit Knowledge 3457.8 The Cognitive Vocabulary 3487.9 From Classical Marks to Hybrid Theories 355Chapter 8. Seeing and Visualizing 3598.0 Chapter Overview 3598.1 The Transparency of Visual Processing 3608.2 The Poverty of the Stimulus 3628.3 Enrichment via Unconscious Inference 3688.4 Natural Constraints 3718.5 Vision, Cognition, and Visual Cognition 3798.6 Indexing Objects in the World 383