JOHN H. HANSON is Assistant Professor of History at Indiana University, Bloomington. He is cotranslator and co-editor (with David Robinson) of After the Jihad: The Reign of Ahmad al-Kabir in the Western Sudan.

• PrefaceNote on OrthographyIntroduction1. Umar's Jihad and the First Crisis at Nioro2. The Umarian Consolidation in Karta3. Amadu Sheku and the Second Crisis at Nioro4. French Expansion and the Third Crisis at Nioro5. The End of the Umarian Era in KartaConclusionAppendix: Cast of Principal CharactersNotesBibliographyIndex

JOHN H. HANSON is Assistant Professor of History at Indiana University, Bloomington. He is cotranslator and co-editor (with David Robinson) of After the Jihad: The Reign of Ahmad al-Kabir in the Western Sudan.

• PrefaceNote on OrthographyIntroduction1. Umar's Jihad and the First Crisis at Nioro2. The Umarian Consolidation in Karta3. Amadu Sheku and the Second Crisis at Nioro4. French Expansion and the Third Crisis at Nioro5. The End of the Umarian Era in KartaConclusionAppendix: Cast of Principal CharactersNotesBibliographyIndex

JOHN H. HANSON is Assistant Professor of History at Indiana University, Bloomington. He is cotranslator and co-editor (with David Robinson) of After the Jihad: The Reign of Ahmad al-Kabir in the Western Sudan.

• PrefaceNote on OrthographyIntroduction1. Umar's Jihad and the First Crisis at Nioro2. The Umarian Consolidation in Karta3. Amadu Sheku and the Second Crisis at Nioro4. French Expansion and the Third Crisis at Nioro5. The End of the Umarian Era in KartaConclusionAppendix: Cast of Principal CharactersNotesBibliographyIndex