Edited by Peter Nijkamp, Professor Emeritus, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands, the Centre for European Studies, Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iasi, Romania and the School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, China, Jacques Poot, National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand and Mediha Sahin, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands