'offers a genuine contribution to history' Economic History Review 'Winter proves her theories with an astonishing amount of data, both on an individual and on an aggregate level, from a very diverse range of historical source material. Moreover, many additional graphs and analyses are added in the appendices. This makes the book a great aid for every historian concerned with urban social history.' Migration Letters 'a major study which all European urban historians as well as migration specialists, will need to read and ponder.' The Low Countries Historical Review