Microbial Siderophores for Agricultural Productivity

Debasis Mitra, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Microbiology at Graphic Era University. He has more than 300 international publications to his credit, including books, chapters, and journal articles. His research interests include biofertilizers, microbiology, and soil analysis. Ayush Madan, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology in the School of Research and Technology at the People?s University in Bhanpur, India. He has published five books, more than 90 articles and book chapters, and one patent. His research interests include computational biology and informatics, nanobiotechnology, and bioprocess engineering. Anju Rani, PhD is an Associate Professor and the Head of the Department of Microbiology at Graphic Era University. She has published more than 50 articles in national and international journals and conferences. Her research focuses on bioremediation and plant-microbe interaction.

• Preface xxi1 Overview of Siderophores: Types and Functions 1Rahul Kumar, Ayush Madan, Edward Terhemen Akange, Rachan Karmakar and Debasis Mitra1.1 Introduction to Siderophores 21.2 Types of Siderophores and Classification Based on Chemical Structure 51.3 Classification Based on Origin 71.4 Biosynthesis of Siderophores 91.5 Role of Siderophores in Various Fields 111.6 Iron Transport Systems in Microorganisms through Siderophores 141.7 Uses of Siderophores in Various Sectors 161.8 Siderophores in Human Health and Disease 191.9 Recent Advances and Future Directions in Siderophore Research 211.10 Future Directions in Siderophore Research 232 Microbial Siderophores and Their Role in Plant–Microbe Interactions 31K. Kamesh Krishnamoorthy2.1 Introduction 322.2 Diverse Roles of Siderophores 322.3 Classification of Siderophore Types Based on Chemical Composition 332.4 Classification of Siderophores Based on Producer Organism 352.5 Role of Siderophores in Plant–Microbe Interactions 362.6 Factors Influencing Siderophore Production by Microbes 402.7 Conclusion 413 Siderophores in the Rhizosphere: Enhancing Plant Nutrition and Growth 49Beatriz Elena Guerra Sierra and Alvaro Jose Hernández Tasco3.1 Introduction 503.2 Iron: Essential Micronutrient and Its Soil Chemistry Challenges 513.3 Siderophores as Mediators of Nutrient Availability 523.4 Impact of Siderophores on Plant Growth and Health 533.5 Microbial Siderophores and Their Importance to Plants 553.6 Research on Bacterial Siderophore Production (PGPR and Endophytes) 563.7 Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Role in Siderophore Production 573.8 Application of Siderophore-Producing Microorganisms in Agriculture: A Compendium of Recent Case Studies 583.9 Limitations and Future Perspectives 603.10 Conclusions 614 Biosynthesis and Regulation of Siderophores in Microorganisms 69Oyindamola John Samson, Racheal Oluwayemisi Fashogbon, Stephen Olaosebikan Makanjuola, Moses Sunday Afariogun, Jamiu Oluwatosin Adeyemi and Ismail Babatunde Onajobi4.1 Introduction 704.2 Structural Diversity and Classification of Siderophores 714.3 Biosynthetic Pathways of Siderophores 734.4 Regulation of Siderophore Production 764.5 Siderophores in Microbial Ecology and Pathogenesis 794.6 Biotechnological Applications of Siderophores 814.7 Conclusion 835 Iron Chelation and Transport Mechanisms in Plants Mediated by Siderophores 89Manjoo Rani, Saty Dev, Ayush Madan, Nand Kumar Singh and Kartik Singh5.1 Introduction 915.2 Types of Siderophores 955.3 Biochemical Pathways Involved in Siderophore Synthesis 965.4 Iron Chelation and Uptake Mechanisms in Plants 985.5 Regulation of Siderophore Production 1055.6 Applications in Agriculture 1075.7 Future Perspectives and Challenges 1115.8 Conclusions 1146 Influence of Siderophores on Plant Stress Tolerance 121Rahul Kumar, Debasis Mitra, Yousef Rasmi, Ayush Madan, Rachan Karmakar and Snezana Adjelkoviæ6.1 Introduction 1226.2 Types of Siderophores Involved in Plant Stress Tolerance 1286.3 Mechanisms of Action of Siderophores in Stress Tolerance in Plants 1286.4 Case Studies and Experimental Evidence 1376.5 Various Types of Challenges and Limitations of Siderophores in Agricultural Applications 1406.6 Future Directions and Research Opportunities in Siderophores for Agriculture 1447 Siderophores as Biofertilizers: Enhancing Nutrient Availability 159Sanya Sharma, Rachan Karmakar, Ayush Madan, Dilfuza Jabborova, Rahul Kumar and Debasis Mitra7.1 Introduction 1607.2 Siderophore-Producing Microorganisms in Agriculture 1637.3 Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Relationships with the Plants 1647.4 Improvement of Soil Fertility and Plant Health Through Microbial Inoculation 1647.5 Mechanisms of Action of Siderophores as Biofertilizers 1657.6 Siderophores Variants and Efficiency of Biofertilizers 1677.7 Field Application of Siderophore-Based Biofertilizers 1687.8 Soil, Seed, and Foliar Application 1697.9 Environmental Factors Affecting Siderophore-Based Biofertilizers 1697.10 Case Studies: Applications of Siderophore-Based Biofertilizers 1707.11 Relative Efficiencies of Siderophores in Different Agricultural Systems 1717.12 Recent Field and Greenhouse Experiments 1717.13 Applications of Siderophores As Biofertilizers 1727.14 Challenges and Limiting Factors 1747.15 Future Research Directions and Prospects 1747.16 Conclusion 1758 Siderophores in Biocontrol of Insects: Suppressing Insects and Enhancing Plant Defense 183Bimal Kumar Sahoo, Ansh Raj, Ipsita Samal, Deepak Kumar Mahanta and Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi8.1 Introduction 1848.2 Siderophore and Their Mode of Action 1858.3 Insect Pathogenic Microorganisms Producing Siderophores 1878.4 Molecular Mechanisms of Siderophores Activity against Insect Pests 1908.5 Interaction of Siderophores with Fungal and Insect Physiology 1918.6 Siderophores in Plant Growth, Development, and Defense Mechanisms 1938.7 Siderophore-Mediated Insect Defense against Entomopathogens 1958.8 Challenges and Future Scope 1958.9 Conclusion 1969 Formulation and Delivery Systems for Siderophore-Based Products 207S. Neelufar Shama, K.R. Prasanna, Joshna Avula and Divya Suneesh9.1 Introduction 2089.2 Advantages of Siderophore-Based Products 2099.3 Mechanisms of Action 2109.4 Types of Siderophore-Based Products 2139.5 Key Principles in Formulating Siderophore-Based Products 2179.6 Importance of Formulating Siderophore-Based Products 2189.7 Innovative Siderophore-Based Products in the Market 2199.8 Applications of Siderophore-Based Products 2199.9 Delivery Systems for Siderophore-Based Products 2229.10 Challenges and Future Directions 2269.11 Future Directions 2299.12 Conclusion 22910 Genetic Engineering of Microbes for Enhanced Siderophore Production 233Rajdip Goswami, Bhaskar Pal, Arunava Ghosh, Kushal Roychoudhuri, Pinki Biswas, Biswajit Basu and Saikat Santra10.1 Introduction 23410.2 Understanding Siderophore Biosynthesis Pathways 23510.3 Genetic Engineering Techniques for Siderophore Enhancement 23810.4 Metabolic Engineering of Siderophore Pathways 24010.5 Synthetic Biology Approaches for Siderophore Optimization 24110.6 Enhancing Siderophore Production in Different Microbes 24310.7 Application of Engineered Microbes in Agriculture 24710.8 Field Trials and Real-World Applications 25110.9 Challenges and Limitations 25510.10 Future Directions in Genetic Engineering for Siderophore Production 25610.11 Conclusion 25711 Integrated Approaches: Combining Siderophores with Other Microbial Agents 269Vedant Gautam, Vibhootee Garg, Jaywardhan Singh Khichi and Shreyashi Singh11.1 Introduction 27011.2 Synthesis and Secretion of Siderophores 27211.3 Integration of Siderophores with Other Microbial Organisms 27311.4 Biocontrol Applications in Agriculture 28211.5 Bioremediation of Environmental Pollutants 29012 Challenges and Opportunities in the Commercialization of Siderophore-Based Products 303Siya Sharma, Prerna Sutar, Bipin Sati, Durgesh Pant and Subhajit Basu12.1 Introduction 30412.2 Siderophores: Opportunities and Challenges in Commercialization 30612.3 Challenges and Strategies for Siderophore Commercialization 31212.4 Future Opportunities and Conclusion 31313 Field Trials and Case Studies of Siderophore Applications in Crops 319Priya Chugh, Rahul Kumar, Divya Gunsola and Apaarna13.1 Introduction 32013.2 Mechanism of Siderophore in Plant Nutrition 32113.3 Application of Siderophore: Field Trials 32313.4 Challenges and Future Perspective 33613.5 Conclusion 33714 Siderophores in Various Agroecosystems: From Theory to Practice 343Rahul Gogoi, Abhisek Rath, Ratrismita Chetia, Jitul Bora, Madhurjya Ranjan Sharma and Sudipta Sankar Bora14.1 Introduction 34414.2 Siderophore Production and Regulation 34514.3 Microorganisms Involved in Siderophore Production 34714.4 Regulation of Siderophore Production 34814.5 Siderophores' Function in Plant–Microbe Communication 35014.6 Siderophores in Diverse Agroecosystems 35314.7 Applications of Siderophores in Agriculture 35914.8 Conclusion 36115 Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Siderophore Research 367Devi Chhatrodiya, Bhagyashri Lalwani, Mital D. Jasani and Jignesh H. Kamdar15.1 Introduction 36815.2 Current State of Siderophore Research 36915.3 Emerging Trends in Siderophore Research 37115.4 Future Directions in Siderophore Research 37315.5 Challenges and Opportunities 37415.6 Conclusion 37616 Siderophores as Key Players in Sustainable Agriculture 381Ibrahim Isse Ali and Ali Hussein Ahmed16.1 Introduction 38216.2 Siderophore Production: A Key Factor in Plant-Pathogen Growth and Virulence 38316.3 Role of Siderophores in Soil Health and Fertility 38816.4 Biological Control of Plant Diseases Through Siderophores 39016.5 The Importance of Siderophores in Advancing Climate-Smart Agriculture 39516.6 Conclusion and Future Directions 397References 398Index 419