Dr. Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed, is an Associate Professor Head, Dept. of Biochemistry and Dean of the School of Life Sciences PRIST Deemed University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. His research areas include the application of plant Biochemistry, bio-active compound production, Biotechnological methods. Development of pharmaceutical products and pharmacological studies. He is a member of IABMS (Indian Biomedical Scientist Association) and MSPP (Malaysian Society of Plant Physiology). Indian Biomedical Association has given him the Agathiyar Award 2007 for his work. He has received bachelor’s degree (Chemistry), Master degree (Biochemistry) and Ph.D. (Plant Science-Biochemistry) from Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.

• PART I Microbial Biofilms: Properties,Biodiversity, Conservation, and ManagementChapter 1 Microbial Biofilms: Properties, Biodiversity, Conservation andManagement..........................................................................................3Muhsin Jamal, Sayed Muhammad Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari,Sana Raza, Liloma Shah, Redaina, Noor-ul-ain Ali, andSaadia AndleebChapter 2 Microbial Biofilm in Clinical Bioremediation Practices inHuman Health.....................................................................................25Rengasamy Sathya, Thangaprakasam Ushadevi, S. Ambiga,and Abdul Bakrudeen Ali AhmedPART II Microbial Biofilms: Bioenergy andBiomaterials Used in Environment SystemsChapter 3 Role of Microbial Biofilm in Agriculture and Their Impact onEnvironment: Current Status and Future Prospects............................ 39Asma Rehman, Lutfur Rahman, Ata Ullah, Muhammad BilalYazdani, Muhammad Irfan, and Waheed S. KhanChapter 4 Biofilms in Fermentation for the Production of Value-AddedProducts............................................................................................... 73Ehsan Mahdinia and Ali DemirciChapter 5 Biofilms in Aquaculture.................................................................... 109Mahroze Fatima, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah, and Muhammad BilalPART III Microbial Biofilms: ChemicalSciences, Natural Products, andBiotechnological ApproachesChapter 6 Natural Products Affecting Biofilm Formation: Mechanisms,Effects, and Applications.................................................................. 129Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade Pinheiro, Maria Audilene Freitas,Barbara de Azevedo Ramos, Luciene Ferreira de Lima, andHenrique Douglas Melo CoutinhoChapter 7 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Biofilm and Role inSustainable Agriculture..................................................................... 161Mohd. Musheer Altaf and Mohd Sajjad Ahmad KhanChapter 8 New Trends to Eliminate Listeria monocytogenes inDairy Industry................................................................................... 175Daniel Kuhn, Leandra Andressa Pacheco,Ytan Andreine Schweizer, Sabrina Grando Cordeiro,Peterson Haas, Camila Roberta de Castro, Aluisie Picolotto,Rafaela Ziem, Talita Scheibel, Barbara Buhl,Bruna Costa, Carla Kauffmann, Elisete Maria de Freitas,Eduardo Miranda Ethur, and Lucelia HoehneChapter 9 Potentialities of Medicinal Plant Extracts AgainstBiofilm-Forming Bacteria................................................................. 187Muhammad Bilal, Hira Munir, and Hafiz M. N. IqbalPART IV Microbial Biofilms: Biomass,Plant Growth, Soil Nutrient,and Wastewater ManagementChapter 10 Electroactive Biofilms (EAB): Role in aBioelectrochemical System for Wastewater Treatmentand Bioelectricity Generation............................................................207Vijay Kumar Garlapati, Sunandan Naha, Swati Sharma,Pranab Goswami, and Surajbhan SevdaChapter 11 Bioremediation of Agroindustrial Wastewater byCultivation of Spirulina sp. and Biomass Used asAnimal Feed Supplement..................................................................227M. Karthik, K. Ashokkumar, N. Arunkumar,R. Krishnamoorthy, and P. ArjunChapter 12 Role of Microbial Biofilms in Wastewater Management..................249Anila Fariq, Anum Zulfiqar, Sidra Abbas, and Azra YasminChapter 13 Biosorption and Discolorization of Textile Dye EffluentUsing Fungi Isolated From Soil Samples Collected NearTextile Dye Industry........271A. Thaminum AnsariChapter 14 Role of Biofilms in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Processesfor Domestic and Industrial Effluents............................................... 295Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad and Sher Jamal KhanPART V Application of Microbial Biofilms inMedicine against Chronic DiseasesChapter 15 Microbial Biofilms: A New Frontier in Chronic Diseases................ 315Ajla DžankoChapter 16 Microbial Biofilms-Aided Resistance and Remedies toOvercome It....................................................................................... 331Ayaz Ahmed and Anum Khalid KhanChapter 17 Biofilms-Associated Infections: Continuous Challenges inHuman and Animal Health............................................................... 373Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman, Tan Li Peng,and Ruhil Hayati HamdanChapter 18 The Utilization of Essential Oils to Treat Biofilm-AssociatedVaginal Infections............................................................................. 395Lucia G. V. Sousa, Joana Castro, and Nuno CercaChapter 19 Essential Oils: Potential Remedy in ControllingBiofilms-Associated Infections of Human Pathogenic Fungi........... 421Mohd Sajjad Ahmd Khan and Mohd Musheer AltafChapter 20 Biomedical Applications of Microbial Biofilm.................................445Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Tjammal Rehman,Fozia Anjum, and Hina Fatima

Dr. Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed, is an Associate Professor Head, Dept. of Biochemistry and Dean of the School of Life Sciences PRIST Deemed University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. His research areas include the application of plant Biochemistry, bio-active compound production, Biotechnological methods. Development of pharmaceutical products and pharmacological studies. He is a member of IABMS (Indian Biomedical Scientist Association) and MSPP (Malaysian Society of Plant Physiology). Indian Biomedical Association has given him the Agathiyar Award 2007 for his work. He has received bachelor’s degree (Chemistry), Master degree (Biochemistry) and Ph.D. (Plant Science-Biochemistry) from Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.

• PART I Microbial Biofilms: Properties,Biodiversity, Conservation, and ManagementChapter 1 Microbial Biofilms: Properties, Biodiversity, Conservation andManagement..........................................................................................3Muhsin Jamal, Sayed Muhammad Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari,Sana Raza, Liloma Shah, Redaina, Noor-ul-ain Ali, andSaadia AndleebChapter 2 Microbial Biofilm in Clinical Bioremediation Practices inHuman Health.....................................................................................25Rengasamy Sathya, Thangaprakasam Ushadevi, S. Ambiga,and Abdul Bakrudeen Ali AhmedPART II Microbial Biofilms: Bioenergy andBiomaterials Used in Environment SystemsChapter 3 Role of Microbial Biofilm in Agriculture and Their Impact onEnvironment: Current Status and Future Prospects............................ 39Asma Rehman, Lutfur Rahman, Ata Ullah, Muhammad BilalYazdani, Muhammad Irfan, and Waheed S. KhanChapter 4 Biofilms in Fermentation for the Production of Value-AddedProducts............................................................................................... 73Ehsan Mahdinia and Ali DemirciChapter 5 Biofilms in Aquaculture.................................................................... 109Mahroze Fatima, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah, and Muhammad BilalPART III Microbial Biofilms: ChemicalSciences, Natural Products, andBiotechnological ApproachesChapter 6 Natural Products Affecting Biofilm Formation: Mechanisms,Effects, and Applications.................................................................. 129Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade Pinheiro, Maria Audilene Freitas,Barbara de Azevedo Ramos, Luciene Ferreira de Lima, andHenrique Douglas Melo CoutinhoChapter 7 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Biofilm and Role inSustainable Agriculture..................................................................... 161Mohd. Musheer Altaf and Mohd Sajjad Ahmad KhanChapter 8 New Trends to Eliminate Listeria monocytogenes inDairy Industry................................................................................... 175Daniel Kuhn, Leandra Andressa Pacheco,Ytan Andreine Schweizer, Sabrina Grando Cordeiro,Peterson Haas, Camila Roberta de Castro, Aluisie Picolotto,Rafaela Ziem, Talita Scheibel, Barbara Buhl,Bruna Costa, Carla Kauffmann, Elisete Maria de Freitas,Eduardo Miranda Ethur, and Lucelia HoehneChapter 9 Potentialities of Medicinal Plant Extracts AgainstBiofilm-Forming Bacteria................................................................. 187Muhammad Bilal, Hira Munir, and Hafiz M. N. IqbalPART IV Microbial Biofilms: Biomass,Plant Growth, Soil Nutrient,and Wastewater ManagementChapter 10 Electroactive Biofilms (EAB): Role in aBioelectrochemical System for Wastewater Treatmentand Bioelectricity Generation............................................................207Vijay Kumar Garlapati, Sunandan Naha, Swati Sharma,Pranab Goswami, and Surajbhan SevdaChapter 11 Bioremediation of Agroindustrial Wastewater byCultivation of Spirulina sp. and Biomass Used asAnimal Feed Supplement..................................................................227M. Karthik, K. Ashokkumar, N. Arunkumar,R. Krishnamoorthy, and P. ArjunChapter 12 Role of Microbial Biofilms in Wastewater Management..................249Anila Fariq, Anum Zulfiqar, Sidra Abbas, and Azra YasminChapter 13 Biosorption and Discolorization of Textile Dye EffluentUsing Fungi Isolated From Soil Samples Collected NearTextile Dye Industry........271A. Thaminum AnsariChapter 14 Role of Biofilms in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Processesfor Domestic and Industrial Effluents............................................... 295Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad and Sher Jamal KhanPART V Application of Microbial Biofilms inMedicine against Chronic DiseasesChapter 15 Microbial Biofilms: A New Frontier in Chronic Diseases................ 315Ajla DžankoChapter 16 Microbial Biofilms-Aided Resistance and Remedies toOvercome It....................................................................................... 331Ayaz Ahmed and Anum Khalid KhanChapter 17 Biofilms-Associated Infections: Continuous Challenges inHuman and Animal Health............................................................... 373Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman, Tan Li Peng,and Ruhil Hayati HamdanChapter 18 The Utilization of Essential Oils to Treat Biofilm-AssociatedVaginal Infections............................................................................. 395Lucia G. V. Sousa, Joana Castro, and Nuno CercaChapter 19 Essential Oils: Potential Remedy in ControllingBiofilms-Associated Infections of Human Pathogenic Fungi........... 421Mohd Sajjad Ahmd Khan and Mohd Musheer AltafChapter 20 Biomedical Applications of Microbial Biofilm.................................445Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Tjammal Rehman,Fozia Anjum, and Hina Fatima

Dr. Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed, is an Associate Professor Head, Dept. of Biochemistry and Dean of the School of Life Sciences PRIST Deemed University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. His research areas include the application of plant Biochemistry, bio-active compound production, Biotechnological methods. Development of pharmaceutical products and pharmacological studies. He is a member of IABMS (Indian Biomedical Scientist Association) and MSPP (Malaysian Society of Plant Physiology). Indian Biomedical Association has given him the Agathiyar Award 2007 for his work. He has received bachelor’s degree (Chemistry), Master degree (Biochemistry) and Ph.D. (Plant Science-Biochemistry) from Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.

• PART I Microbial Biofilms: Properties,Biodiversity, Conservation, and ManagementChapter 1 Microbial Biofilms: Properties, Biodiversity, Conservation andManagement..........................................................................................3Muhsin Jamal, Sayed Muhammad Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari,Sana Raza, Liloma Shah, Redaina, Noor-ul-ain Ali, andSaadia AndleebChapter 2 Microbial Biofilm in Clinical Bioremediation Practices inHuman Health.....................................................................................25Rengasamy Sathya, Thangaprakasam Ushadevi, S. Ambiga,and Abdul Bakrudeen Ali AhmedPART II Microbial Biofilms: Bioenergy andBiomaterials Used in Environment SystemsChapter 3 Role of Microbial Biofilm in Agriculture and Their Impact onEnvironment: Current Status and Future Prospects............................ 39Asma Rehman, Lutfur Rahman, Ata Ullah, Muhammad BilalYazdani, Muhammad Irfan, and Waheed S. KhanChapter 4 Biofilms in Fermentation for the Production of Value-AddedProducts............................................................................................... 73Ehsan Mahdinia and Ali DemirciChapter 5 Biofilms in Aquaculture.................................................................... 109Mahroze Fatima, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah, and Muhammad BilalPART III Microbial Biofilms: ChemicalSciences, Natural Products, andBiotechnological ApproachesChapter 6 Natural Products Affecting Biofilm Formation: Mechanisms,Effects, and Applications.................................................................. 129Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade Pinheiro, Maria Audilene Freitas,Barbara de Azevedo Ramos, Luciene Ferreira de Lima, andHenrique Douglas Melo CoutinhoChapter 7 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Biofilm and Role inSustainable Agriculture..................................................................... 161Mohd. Musheer Altaf and Mohd Sajjad Ahmad KhanChapter 8 New Trends to Eliminate Listeria monocytogenes inDairy Industry................................................................................... 175Daniel Kuhn, Leandra Andressa Pacheco,Ytan Andreine Schweizer, Sabrina Grando Cordeiro,Peterson Haas, Camila Roberta de Castro, Aluisie Picolotto,Rafaela Ziem, Talita Scheibel, Barbara Buhl,Bruna Costa, Carla Kauffmann, Elisete Maria de Freitas,Eduardo Miranda Ethur, and Lucelia HoehneChapter 9 Potentialities of Medicinal Plant Extracts AgainstBiofilm-Forming Bacteria................................................................. 187Muhammad Bilal, Hira Munir, and Hafiz M. N. IqbalPART IV Microbial Biofilms: Biomass,Plant Growth, Soil Nutrient,and Wastewater ManagementChapter 10 Electroactive Biofilms (EAB): Role in aBioelectrochemical System for Wastewater Treatmentand Bioelectricity Generation............................................................207Vijay Kumar Garlapati, Sunandan Naha, Swati Sharma,Pranab Goswami, and Surajbhan SevdaChapter 11 Bioremediation of Agroindustrial Wastewater byCultivation of Spirulina sp. and Biomass Used asAnimal Feed Supplement..................................................................227M. Karthik, K. Ashokkumar, N. Arunkumar,R. Krishnamoorthy, and P. ArjunChapter 12 Role of Microbial Biofilms in Wastewater Management..................249Anila Fariq, Anum Zulfiqar, Sidra Abbas, and Azra YasminChapter 13 Biosorption and Discolorization of Textile Dye EffluentUsing Fungi Isolated From Soil Samples Collected NearTextile Dye Industry........271A. Thaminum AnsariChapter 14 Role of Biofilms in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Processesfor Domestic and Industrial Effluents............................................... 295Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad and Sher Jamal KhanPART V Application of Microbial Biofilms inMedicine against Chronic DiseasesChapter 15 Microbial Biofilms: A New Frontier in Chronic Diseases................ 315Ajla DžankoChapter 16 Microbial Biofilms-Aided Resistance and Remedies toOvercome It....................................................................................... 331Ayaz Ahmed and Anum Khalid KhanChapter 17 Biofilms-Associated Infections: Continuous Challenges inHuman and Animal Health............................................................... 373Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman, Tan Li Peng,and Ruhil Hayati HamdanChapter 18 The Utilization of Essential Oils to Treat Biofilm-AssociatedVaginal Infections............................................................................. 395Lucia G. V. Sousa, Joana Castro, and Nuno CercaChapter 19 Essential Oils: Potential Remedy in ControllingBiofilms-Associated Infections of Human Pathogenic Fungi........... 421Mohd Sajjad Ahmd Khan and Mohd Musheer AltafChapter 20 Biomedical Applications of Microbial Biofilm.................................445Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Tjammal Rehman,Fozia Anjum, and Hina Fatima