Metaverse and Immersive Technologies

Chandrashekhar A, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechatronics, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He has 8 patents to his name and has published numerous research articles in international journals. Shaik Himam Saheb, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechatronics Engineering, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He has published numerous research articles in international journals. Sandeep Kumar Panda, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Science and Technology, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He has published numerous research articles in international journals and has 18 Indian patents to his name. In 2020, he received the “Research and Innovation of the Year Award 2020” from the Govt. of India. S. Balamurugan, PhD, is the Director of Research and Development, Intelligent Research Consultancy Services (iRCS), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He is also Director of the Albert Einstein Engineering and Research Labs (AEER Labs), as well as Vice-Chairman, Renewable Energy Society of India (RESI), India. He has published 45 books, 200+ international journals/conferences, and 35 patents. Sheng-Lung Peng, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Creative Technologies and Product Design, National Taipei University of Business, Taiwan. He is an honorary professor of Beijing Information Science and Technology, University of China, and a supervisor of the Chinese Information Literacy Association and of the Association of Algorithms and Computation Theory. He has published more than 120 international journal and conference papers.

• Preface xxiAcknowledgment xxv1 Metaverse: A Study on Immersive Technologies 1Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda1.1 Introduction 21.2 Related Works and Contributions 161.3 The Metaverse Architecture, Developments, and Tools 181.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Metaverse 281.5 The Metaverse Challenges and Countermeasures 321.6 Future Research Directions 322 Metaverse and Blockchain 43Vaishnavi Raj. K.A., Shresta Rongali, Bathula Jaya Teja and Shaik Himam Saheb2.1 Introduction 442.2 Preparatories of Blockchain 452.3 Technical Understanding of Blockchain 482.4 Advanced Applications of Blockchain in Various Sectors 502.5 Web3 Technology 522.6 Metaverse and Blockchain Technology 552.7 Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality 592.8 The Metaverse Projects 622.9 Conclusion 633 Blockchain in the Development of Metaverse 71Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda3.1 Introduction 723.2 Related Work 733.3 Consensus Algorithms for Blockchain 753.4 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) 773.5 Blockchain in Metaverse 783.6 Blockchain Metaverse 823.7 Obstacles and Unresolved Problems 863.8 What Other Problems in the Metaverse Can Blockchain Help With? 893.9 Conclusion and Future Research Directions 904 Revolution of the Metaverse and Blockchain Technology 97Sandeep Kumar Panda4.1 Introduction 984.2 Blockchain 1004.3 The Metaverse 1044.4 Blockchain-Powered Metaverse 1114.5 Overview of Blockchain Use Cases in the Metaverse 1164.6 Conclusion 1195 Metaverse: The New Era in Medical Field 127M. Sreedhar, Shaik Himam Saheb and Kona Ravi Sandeep Kumar5.1 Introduction 1285.2 Discussion 1365.3 Medical Cloud Plus 1405.4 The Metaverse's Benefits and Drawbacks 1415.5 Applications of Metaverse in Various Fields 1435.6 Definition and Clinical Significance of Metaverse in Medicine 1455.7 Conclusions 1526 The Role of Immersive Reality (AR/VR/MR/XR) in Metaverse 159Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda6.1 Introduction 1606.2 Related Works 1616.3 VR, AR, and MR's Responsibilities in the Metaverse 1676.4 The Contribution of AR/VR to the Metaverse Development 1696.5 How to Use the Metaverse Right Now 1726.6 Unresolved Issues 1766.7 Application for XR 1786.8 Challenges in the Metaverse 1806.9 Conclusion and Future Directions 1837 Advances in Design and Manufacturing of VR Headset 191Chandrashekhar Bendigeri and Devaraj E.7.1 Introduction 1927.2 Literature Survey 1967.3 Technically Enriched Advance Computation Technologies 2047.4 Arc Welding 2057.5 Virtual Manufacturing 2057.6 Virtual Reality 2067.7 Virtual Welding: An Innovation Towards Virtual Reality for Welding and Training 2077.8 Virtual Reality Metal Arc Welding System (VRMAWS) 2087.9 Software's and Hardware Used in VRMAW 2087.10 Virtual Design and Manufacturing 2107.11 Conclusion 2128 Augmented Reality in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 217Suresh Goka, Syed Quadir Moinuddin, Ashok Kumar Dewangan, Shaik Himam Saheb and Barla Madhavi8.1 Introduction 2188.2 AR System 2208.3 Case Studies 2228.4 Applications 2268.5 Conclusions 2289 Metaverse: Post-Pandemic Impact in Education 235C.V. Suresh Babu and P. Preethi9.1 Introduction 2369.2 Background of the Study 2379.3 Significance of the Study 2399.4 Metaverse in Education 2429.5 Research on Metaverse and Education Systems 2439.6 Research Questions 2499.7 Delimitations of the Study 2519.8 Proposed Methodology 2529.9 Characteristics of the Metaverse of Virtual Reality in Education 2539.10 Modern Social Interaction 2539.11 Using Virtualization to Produce Innovative Experiences That Are Highly Immersive 2549.12 Limitation 2549.13 Conclusions 25410 Inspection of Defects through Corneal Topography of a Healthy Retina 259V. V. Vidyasagar10.1 Introduction 26010.2 Structure of the Eye 26010.3 Perspective Scale Model of Eye 26210.4 Extended Reality Metaverse (XR) 26710.5 Computer-Aided Geometrical Design 26810.6 Human Eye Ball Model 27010.7 Keratoconus Characteristic Topographical Patterns 27210.8 Conclusion 29011 The Metaverse in Industry and Logistics 295M. Edwin, M. Saranya Nair and V. A. Nagarajan11.1 Introduction: Metaverse -- State-of-the-Art 29611.2 Metaverse as Creative Freedom 30111.3 Development of Industrial Metaverse 30211.4 Typical Products/Services in Metaverse 30411.5 Role of Metaverse in Supply Chain 30511.6 Forecast of the First Application Areas 30711.7 Industrial Metaverse for Remote Manufacturing 30811.8 Impact of Industrial Metaverse in Manufacturing Industry 30911.9 Six Cases of Early Industrial and Commercial Metaverse Application 31111.10 Issues in Metaverse 31411.11 Challenges of Industrial Metaverse in Engineering Applications 31511.12 Metaverse Accelerates Economic Development for Emerging Economies 31611.13 The Metaverse in Logistics 31611.14 Conclusion 31912 Augmented Reality Applications in Gaming 325Rohan Harish, Abhiram Vollala and Shaik Himam Saheb12.1 Introduction 32612.2 Augmented Reality Technology 32612.3 History of AR 32712.4 Types of Augmented Reality 32712.5 Types of AR 33112.6 Monitor-Based 33112.7 Virtual Reality vs. Augmented Reality 33212.8 Issues in Augmented Reality 33312.9 Applications of Augmented Reality 33312.10 Advertisement 33712.11 Simulations 33712.12 Navigation 33812.13 Unity3D 34012.14 CAD 34012.15 Video Fames 34012.16 Theme Park 34012.17 Introduction of Unity3D 34112.18 About Augmented Reality Based on Unity3D 34212.19 The Main Technical Problem 34212.20 Conclusion 34313 Real-Time Applications of Virtual Reality 349R. Pranith, Kavali Maruthi and Shaik Himam Saheb13.1 Introduction 34913.2 History of VR 35013.3 Virtual Reality (VR) 35313.4 Uses of VR in Different Industrial Sectors 35413.5 VR in Gaming 35513.6 Benefits of VR in the Gaming Industry 35613.7 VR Technology for Business and Game Development 35713.8 Global Virtual Reality (VR) 35713.9 VR in the Indian Business Market 35913.10 Virtual Reality Technology 35913.11 Virtual Reality (VR) in Unity 36413.12 VR (Virtual Reality) Games 36713.13 Conclusion 37314 Real-Time Applications of Mixed Reality 379Sri Ganesh, Ram Pavan Reddy and Shaik Himam Saheb14.1 Introduction 37914.2 Technical Challenges 38314.3 Mixed Reality Research in Switzerland 38814.4 Current Challenges and Trends 39114.5 Peek into the Future 39214.6 Hologram Lens 39314.7 Pros and Cons of Mixed Reality 39514.8 Architecture of MR Systems 39614.9 Unity Development for VR and Windows Mixed Reality 39714.10 Future Research 39814.11 Conclusion 40015 Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Metaverse 407Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda15.1 Introduction 40815.2 Related Works 40815.3 Artificial Intelligence 41315.4 Artificial Intelligence for the Metaverse: A Focus on Technical Aspects 41915.5 Artificial Intelligence for the Metaverse: Application Aspect 42415.6 The Metaverse's Artificial Intelligence Future 42915.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 43016 The Internet of Things in Developing Metaverse 437Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda16.1 Introduction 43816.2 Related Works 44216.3 The Connection Between the Metaverse and the Internet of Things 44416.4 The Importance of Metaverse in the IoT 45116.5 IoT's Contribution to the Creation of the Metaverse 45416.6 Applications, Advantages and Challenges of IoT-Based Metaverse 45516.7 Conclusion 458References 460Index 467