Metastable-Phase Materials

Qi Shao, PhD, is an associate professor at the College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, China. She received her PhD in applied physics from City University of Hong Kong in 2016.Zhenhui Kang, PhD, is currently a professor at the Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices in Soochow University, China.Mingwang Shao, PhD, is a professor at the Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Cabon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, China. He received his PhD from the University of Science and Technology of China in 2003.

• Foreword xiPreface xiii1 Introduction of the Metastable-Phase Materials 1Qi Shao and Mingwang Shao1.1 Introduction 11.2 What Are Metastable-Phase Materials? 11.3 The Categories of Metastable-Phase Materials 21.4 The Influence on Polymorphs of Materials 61.5 The Wide Applications of Metastable-Phase Materials 81.6 The Criterion for Stable-Phase and Metastable-Phase Materials 8References 102 Synthetic Methodology 15Qi Shao2.1 Introduction 152.2 The Key for Synthesizing Metastable-Phase Materials 152.3 The Synthetic Methods for Synthesizing Metastable-Phase Materials 16References 253 Characterization 33Qi Shao3.1 Introduction 333.2 Characterizations 333.3 How to Determine the Phase of Metastable-Phase 2D Metal Oxides 43References 454 Metastable-Phase Metals 51Qi Shao4.1 Introduction 514.2 Noble Metals 514.3 Non-noble Metals 604.4 The Criterion to Determine the Stable-Phase and Metastable-Phase Metals 64References 665 Metastable-Phase Oxide, Chalcogenide, Phosphide, and Boride Materials 71Qi Shao5.1 Introduction 715.2 Oxides 715.3 Chalcogenides 765.4 Others 78References 806 Spin-Dependent Metastable-Phase Materials 85Qi Shao6.1 Introduction 856.2 Spin-Related Catalysis 856.3 Spin-Related Catalysts for Alkaline OER 886.4 Spin-Related Catalyst for Acidic OER 89References 907 Crystallography, Design, and Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Metastable-Phase Oxides 93Mingwang Shao and Qi Shao7.1 Introduction 937.2 The Point Group, Crystal System, Crystal Lattice, and Space Groups of 2D Materials 937.3 The Possible Crystal Structures and Chemical Formula of 2D Metal Oxides 1007.4 How to Prepare Metastable-Phase 2D Metal Oxides 1197.5 2D Metastable-Phase Noble Metal Oxides 1207.6 Metastable-Phase 2D Non-noble Metal Oxides 1267.7 The Covalent Bond Behavior in Metastable-Phase 1T Metal Oxides 129References 1348 Electrocatalysis 141Qi Shao8.1 Introduction 1418.2 Several Typical Electrochemical Reactions 1418.3 Metastable-Phase Catalysts for Advanced Electrocatalysis 145References 1679 Photocatalysis 173Mingwang Shao and Zhenhui Kang9.1 Introduction 1739.2 Fundamental Concepts of Photocatalysis 1739.3 Metastable-Phase Catalysts and Photocatalysis 1779.4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Photocatalysis 182References 18310 Thermocatalysts 191Qi Shao10.1 Introduction 19110.2 Several Typical Thermocatalytic Reactions 19110.3 Metastable-Phase Catalysts for Thermocatalysis 193References 201Summary and Outlook 207Index 209