Manuel Duran, Ph.D. (2014), University of Antwerp, is a scientific attaché at the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and of Military History in Brussels. He has published articles on diplomacy and military history, including French regions as diplomatic actors: The case of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (French Politics, 2011).

• Chapter One: Introduction1.1. The Case of Mediterranean Paradiplomacy and its Broader Relevance1.2. Problem Statement and Main Questions1.3. Ontological Perspectives, Methodology and Case Selection1.3.1. Ontological Perspectives1.3.2. Methodology1.3.3. Case Selection1.4. The Book’s StructureChapter Two: Conceptualizations of Paradiplomacy2.1. An Archaeology of Paradiplomacy2.1.1. The Term “Paradiplomacy”2.1.2. The False Embassy and the Ambassador of God 2.1.3. Christian Diplomacy and Diplomacy of the Church2.1.4. Hybrids and Corsairs 2.1.5. Diasporas and Cities2.2. Contemporary Paradiplomacy2.2.1. Territory, Deterritorialization and Reterritorialization2.2.2. The Level of Analysis within IR 2.2.3. Reterritorializing Diplomacy2.2.4. Mediterranean Substate Entities2.2.5 Substate Diplomacy or ParadiplomacyConcluding RemarksChapter Three: Diplomacy between Self, Other and Same3.1. Explanandum (1): Paradiplomacy3.2. Explanans (1): Ecological Triad3.2.1. Operational Milieu3.2.2. Psychological Milieu3.3. Explanandum (2): Patterns of Reterritorialization3.4. Explanans (2): The Practice of Paradiplomacy3.5. Coda: Explaining the Explananda Chapter Four: The Mediterranean as a Space of Thought, Encounters and Diplomacy 4.1. Mediterranean Thinking4.2. Mediterranean Encounters4.3. Mediterranean Diplomacy4.3.1. The Mediterranean Diplomacies of France, Italy and Spain4.3.2. The European Union as a Diplomatic Actor in the Mediterranean4.4. ConclusionChapter Five: The Mediterranean Substate Entities5.1. Italy5.1.1. Paradiplomacy all’italiana5.1.2. The Region of Emilia-Romagna5.1.3. The Region of Puglia5.1.4. Conclusion: The Geopolitical DNA for Italian Regions5.2. France5.2.1. The French Institutional Context: The Millefeuille institutionnel français5.2.2. The Region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur5.2.3. The Region of Languedoc-Roussillon5.2.4. Conclusion: The Geopolitical DNA for French Regions5.3. Spain5.3.1. Spanish Devolution5.3.2. The Historic Nation of Catalonia5.3.3. The Autonomous Community of Andalusia5.3.4. Conclusion: The Geopolitical DNA for Spanish Autonomous Communities5.4. ConclusionChapter Six: Diplomatic Representation6.1. Conceptualizing Representation6.2. Formalistic Representation6.3. Substantive Representation6.3.1. EU Representation6.3.2. Political Representation: Mimicking the State6.3.3. Economic Diplomacy: The Network of Commercial Representation6.3.4. Other Forms of Representation: Cultural Houses, Tourism Offices and Diasporas6.4. The Diplomatic Audience6.5. Symbolic Representation6.6. Conclusion: Reterritorializing RepresentationChapter Seven: Paradiplomacy as Communication7.1. Diplomacy as Communication7.2. Language7.3. Presenting the Diplomatic Self7.3.1. Images: Cartographic Maps7.3.2. Words: Mental Maps, Discursive Traces of Geopolitical Goals7.4. Public and Cultural Diplomacy7.5. Conclusion: Reterritorializing Diplomatic CommunicationChapter Eight: Substate Diplomatic Socialization: Dealing with the Other8.1. The Nearby Other: The Central Government and the Co-regions8.2. The European Other: Dealing with the EU Level and the Other Europeans8.2.1. The Committee of the Regions8.2.2. European Territorial Cooperation 8.3. The International Other: Dealing with the Mediterranean8.3.1. Getting Connected: Organizations and Networks8.3.2. Multi-stakeholder Diplomacy: Decentralized Development Cooperation8.3.3. Bilateral and Multilateral Relations 8.4. Conclusion: New Layers of Diplomatic Relations – Socializing ParadiplomacyChapter Nine: Patterns of Reterritorialization9.1. New Mediterranean Geographies, Renewed Identities9.1.1. From the Center: The Various Euro-Mediterranean Partnerships9.1.2. From the Periphery, Within the Mediterranean9.2. Mimicry: Defying the State Monopoly on Diplomacy9.3. Division of Labor: The Lower Profile of the State (Collaboration)9.3.1. Collaboration with the State9.3.2. Barcelona or Marseille: Capital(s) of the Mediterranean9.4. Homo-diplomacy: The Human Face of Paradiplomacy9.5. Conclusion: Reterritorialization from Antagonism to Agonism and HumanismChapter 10: General Conclusions10.1. The Westphalian Myth: The Territorial Trap10.2. Diplomatic Actorness10.3. The Geopolitical DNA of Mediterranean Substate Entities10.4. Multilevel and Multifaceted Diplomacy (Engaging with the Others)10.5. Thoughts on Methodology 10.6. Sites for Future Research