Medical Ethics

Michael Boylan is Professor and Chair of Philosophy at Marymount University. He is the author and editor of 26 books, including his manifesto on social/political philosophy A Just Society (2004), and on cosmopolitanism Morality and Global Justice: Justifications and Applications (2011). Boylan was himself the focus of an edited volume, Morality and Justice: Reading Boylan’s A Just Society (2009). He has served on professional and governmental policy committees and was a fellow at the Center for American Progress and a program presenter at The Brookings Institution. He has been an invited speaker in nine countries around the world, including talks in Oxford, Cambridge, Cologne, Oslo, Dublin, Sydney, and the Sorbonne.

• Notes on Contributors xPreface to the Second Edition xiiiSource Credits xv1 Ethical Reasoning 1Michael Boylan2 Health: The Aim of Medicine 12Ethics, Infertility, and Public Health: Balancing Public Good and Private Choice 13Rosemarie TongToo Old for the Good of Health? 30Anita SilversHealth as Self-Fulfillment 44Michael BoylanEvaluating a Case Study: Developing a Practical Ethical Viewpoint 583 Physician, Nurse, and Patient: The Practice of Medicine 65A. Paternalism and Autonomy 72Medical Paternalism and Patient Autonomy 72John-Stewart GordonRational Non-Interventional Paternalism: Why Doctors Ought to Make Judgments of What Is Best for Their Patients 83Julian SavulescuB. Privacy and Confidentiality 90Medical Privacy in the Age of Genomics 90David KoepsellEthical Issues Experienced by HIV-Infected African-American Women 98Katharine V. Smith and Jan RussellC. Informed Consent 104Should Informed Consent Be Based on Rational Beliefs? 104Julian Savulescu and Richard W. MomeyerCultural Diversity and Informed Consent 115Ellen Agard, Daniel Finkelstein, and Edward Wallach D. Gender, Culture, and Race 120On Treatment of Myopia: Feminist Standpoint Theory and Bioethics 120Mary B. MahowaldCulture and Medical Intervention 131Michael BoylanHealthcare Disparity and Changing the Complexion of Orthopedic Surgeons 146Richard E. Grant and Michael BoylanEvaluating a Case Study: Finding the Conflicts 1574 Issues of Life and Death 164A. Euthanasia 167Killing and Allowing to Die 167Daniel CallahanEuthanasia in The Netherlands: Justifiable Euthanasia 171Pieter V. AdmiraalWhy Doctors Must Not Kill 179Leon R. KassB. Abortion 184An Almost Absolute Value in History 184John T. Noonan Jr. A Defense of Abortion 190Judith Jarvis ThomsonThe Abortion Debate in the Twenty-First Century 203Michael BoylanEvaluating a Case Study: Assessing Embedded Levels 2185 Genetic Enhancement 225Ethical Issues in Human Enhancement 226Nick Bostrom and Rebecca RoacheLimitations on Scientific Research 251Michael BoylanEvaluating a Case Study: Applying Ethical Issues 2656 Healthcare Policy 271A. The Right to Healthcare 275There Is No “Right” to Healthcare 275John David LewisThe Moral Right to Healthcare: Part Two 283Michael BoylanB. The Organ Allocation Problem 298A Review of Ethical Issues in Transplantation 298Rosamond RhodesFault and the Allocation of Spare Organs 305Brian SmartApplicants 313Felicia Niume AckermanC. International Public Health Policy and Ethics 324Toward Control of Infectious Disease: Ethical Challenges for a Global Effort 324Margaret P. Battin, Charles B. Smith, Leslie P. Francis, and Jay A. JacobsonShaping Ethical Guidelines for an Influenza Pandemic 345Rosemarie TongTB Matters More 360Michael J. Selgelid, Paul M. Kelly, and Adrian SleighEvaluating a Case Study: Structuring the Essay 373Further Reading 379