WALTER T. GRONDZIK, PE, LEED AP BD+C, CPHC, is an architectural engineer and Professor of Architecture at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Grondzik is a Fellow of ASHRAE, a Fellow of the American Solar Energy Society, and a past president of the Society of Building Science Educators and of the Architectural Research Centers Consortium. His research includes building commissioning, high-performance building initiatives, and all areas of environmental control systems and their effects on buildings and occupants. ALISON G. KWOK, PH.D., FAIA, LEED AP BD+C, is an architect and Professor of Architecture at the University of Oregon, Eugene, teaching design studios, seminars in building performance, and environmental technology. Kwok is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and the American Solar Energy Society and a Certified Passive House Consultant. Her research includes identifying adaptive and mitigation strategies for climate change, thermal comfort, and building performance case studies.

• Perface xviiAcknowledgments xxiPart I The Building Design Context 1Chapter 1 Design Process 3Chapter 2 Environmental Resources 37Chapter 3 Sites and Resources 67Part II Design Fundamentals 113Chapter 4 Thermal Comfort 115Chapter 5 Indoor Air Quality 137Chapter 6 Light, Vision, and Visual Comfort 177Light 177Vision 190Light and Color 209Visual Comfort 221Chapter 7 Sound, Hearing, and Acoustical Comfort 223Chapter 8 Solar Geometry and Shading Devices 251Chapter 9 Heat Flow 277Part III Passive Environmental Systems 325Chapter 10 Daylighting 327Chapter 11 Passive Heating 383Chapter 12 Passive Cooling 441Chapter 13 Integrating Passive Systems 501Part IV Active Environmental Systems 529Chapter 14 Active Climate Control 531HVAC Components 547HVAC Systems 605Chapter 15 Lamps, Luminaires, and Controls 699Electric Lamps 699Incandescent Lamps 700Gaseous Discharge Lamps 709Fluorescent Lamps 711Solid State Lighting 726Other Electric Lamps 729Luminaires 731Lighting Fixture Properties 744Lighting Control 747Chapter 16 Electric Lighting Design 759Context 759Process 761Chapter 17 Electric Lighting Applications 813Residential Occupancies 813Educational Facilities 819Commercial Interiors 827Special Lighting Application Topics 835Chapter 18 Water and Design 855Chapter 19 Water Supply 897Chapter 20 Liquid Waste 987Chapter 21 Solid Waste 1059Part V Acoustics 1073Chapter 22 Sound in Enclosed Spaces 1075Absorption 1076Room Acoustics 1082Room Design 1090Sound Reinforcement Systems 1101Chapter 23 Building Noise Control 1111Noise Reduction 1111Absorption 1111Sound Isolation 1118Airborne Sound 1121Speech Privacy 1139Structure-Borne Noise 1155Mechanical System Noise Control 1157STC and IIC Recommendations and Criteria 1167Outdoor Acoustic Considerations 1170Reference Material 1172Part VI Fire Protection 1177Chapter 24 Fire Protection 1179Fire Resistance, Egress, and Extinguishment 1179Fire Alarm Systems 1225Part VII Electricity 1257Chapter 25 Principles of Electricity 1259Chapter 26 Electrical Systems and Materials: Service and Utilization 1279Chapter 27 Electrical Systems and Materials: Wiring and Raceways 1339Chapter 28 Electric Wiring Design 1375Chapter 29 Photovoltaic Systems 1423Part VIII Signal Systems 1449Chapter 30 Signal Systems 1451Private Residential Systems 1454Multiple-Dwelling Systems 1459School Systems 1462Office Building Systems 1467Industrial Building Systems 1471Automation 1474Part IX Transportation 1485Chapter 31 Elevators 1487Passenger Elevators 1487Traction Elevator Equipment 1488Hydraulic Elevators 1493Other Elevator Drives 1495Passenger Interaction Issues 1498Passenger Elevator Selection 1518Physical Properties and Spatial Requirements of Elevators 1532Power and Energy 1538Other Design Considerations 1541Special Shaft Arrangements 1545Special Elevator Designs 1547Freight Elevators 1548Chapter 32 Escalators and Other Mechanized Circulation Systems 1563Escalators 1563Moving Walks and Ramps 1580Special Passenger Conveyance Systems 1584Materials Handling 1587Part X Appendices 1595Appendix A Metrication, SI Units, and Conversions 1597Appendix B Climatic Conditions for the United States, Canada, and Mexico 1603Appendix C Solar and Daylighting Design Data 1629Appendix D Solar Geometry 1675Appendix E Thermal Properties of Materials and Assemblies 1689Appendix F Ventilation and Infiltration 1735Appendix G Heating and Cooling Design Guidelines and Information 1743Appendix H Standards/Guidelines for Energy and Resource-Efficient Building Design 1759Appendix I Solar Radiation and Thermal Storage 1765Appendix J Economic Analysis 1821Appendix K Sound Transmission Data 1827Appendix L Building Energy Modeling Tools and Resources 1847Index 1857

WALTER T. GRONDZIK, PE, LEED AP BD+C, CPHC, is an architectural engineer and Professor of Architecture at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Grondzik is a Fellow of ASHRAE, a Fellow of the American Solar Energy Society, and a past president of the Society of Building Science Educators and of the Architectural Research Centers Consortium. His research includes building commissioning, high-performance building initiatives, and all areas of environmental control systems and their effects on buildings and occupants. ALISON G. KWOK, PH.D., FAIA, LEED AP BD+C, is an architect and Professor of Architecture at the University of Oregon, Eugene, teaching design studios, seminars in building performance, and environmental technology. Kwok is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and the American Solar Energy Society and a Certified Passive House Consultant. Her research includes identifying adaptive and mitigation strategies for climate change, thermal comfort, and building performance case studies.

• Perface xviiAcknowledgments xxiPart I The Building Design Context 1Chapter 1 Design Process 3Chapter 2 Environmental Resources 37Chapter 3 Sites and Resources 67Part II Design Fundamentals 113Chapter 4 Thermal Comfort 115Chapter 5 Indoor Air Quality 137Chapter 6 Light, Vision, and Visual Comfort 177Light 177Vision 190Light and Color 209Visual Comfort 221Chapter 7 Sound, Hearing, and Acoustical Comfort 223Chapter 8 Solar Geometry and Shading Devices 251Chapter 9 Heat Flow 277Part III Passive Environmental Systems 325Chapter 10 Daylighting 327Chapter 11 Passive Heating 383Chapter 12 Passive Cooling 441Chapter 13 Integrating Passive Systems 501Part IV Active Environmental Systems 529Chapter 14 Active Climate Control 531HVAC Components 547HVAC Systems 605Chapter 15 Lamps, Luminaires, and Controls 699Electric Lamps 699Incandescent Lamps 700Gaseous Discharge Lamps 709Fluorescent Lamps 711Solid State Lighting 726Other Electric Lamps 729Luminaires 731Lighting Fixture Properties 744Lighting Control 747Chapter 16 Electric Lighting Design 759Context 759Process 761Chapter 17 Electric Lighting Applications 813Residential Occupancies 813Educational Facilities 819Commercial Interiors 827Special Lighting Application Topics 835Chapter 18 Water and Design 855Chapter 19 Water Supply 897Chapter 20 Liquid Waste 987Chapter 21 Solid Waste 1059Part V Acoustics 1073Chapter 22 Sound in Enclosed Spaces 1075Absorption 1076Room Acoustics 1082Room Design 1090Sound Reinforcement Systems 1101Chapter 23 Building Noise Control 1111Noise Reduction 1111Absorption 1111Sound Isolation 1118Airborne Sound 1121Speech Privacy 1139Structure-Borne Noise 1155Mechanical System Noise Control 1157STC and IIC Recommendations and Criteria 1167Outdoor Acoustic Considerations 1170Reference Material 1172Part VI Fire Protection 1177Chapter 24 Fire Protection 1179Fire Resistance, Egress, and Extinguishment 1179Fire Alarm Systems 1225Part VII Electricity 1257Chapter 25 Principles of Electricity 1259Chapter 26 Electrical Systems and Materials: Service and Utilization 1279Chapter 27 Electrical Systems and Materials: Wiring and Raceways 1339Chapter 28 Electric Wiring Design 1375Chapter 29 Photovoltaic Systems 1423Part VIII Signal Systems 1449Chapter 30 Signal Systems 1451Private Residential Systems 1454Multiple-Dwelling Systems 1459School Systems 1462Office Building Systems 1467Industrial Building Systems 1471Automation 1474Part IX Transportation 1485Chapter 31 Elevators 1487Passenger Elevators 1487Traction Elevator Equipment 1488Hydraulic Elevators 1493Other Elevator Drives 1495Passenger Interaction Issues 1498Passenger Elevator Selection 1518Physical Properties and Spatial Requirements of Elevators 1532Power and Energy 1538Other Design Considerations 1541Special Shaft Arrangements 1545Special Elevator Designs 1547Freight Elevators 1548Chapter 32 Escalators and Other Mechanized Circulation Systems 1563Escalators 1563Moving Walks and Ramps 1580Special Passenger Conveyance Systems 1584Materials Handling 1587Part X Appendices 1595Appendix A Metrication, SI Units, and Conversions 1597Appendix B Climatic Conditions for the United States, Canada, and Mexico 1603Appendix C Solar and Daylighting Design Data 1629Appendix D Solar Geometry 1675Appendix E Thermal Properties of Materials and Assemblies 1689Appendix F Ventilation and Infiltration 1735Appendix G Heating and Cooling Design Guidelines and Information 1743Appendix H Standards/Guidelines for Energy and Resource-Efficient Building Design 1759Appendix I Solar Radiation and Thermal Storage 1765Appendix J Economic Analysis 1821Appendix K Sound Transmission Data 1827Appendix L Building Energy Modeling Tools and Resources 1847Index 1857

WALTER T. GRONDZIK, PE, LEED AP BD+C, CPHC, is an architectural engineer and Professor of Architecture at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Grondzik is a Fellow of ASHRAE, a Fellow of the American Solar Energy Society, and a past president of the Society of Building Science Educators and of the Architectural Research Centers Consortium. His research includes building commissioning, high-performance building initiatives, and all areas of environmental control systems and their effects on buildings and occupants. ALISON G. KWOK, PH.D., FAIA, LEED AP BD+C, is an architect and Professor of Architecture at the University of Oregon, Eugene, teaching design studios, seminars in building performance, and environmental technology. Kwok is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and the American Solar Energy Society and a Certified Passive House Consultant. Her research includes identifying adaptive and mitigation strategies for climate change, thermal comfort, and building performance case studies.

• Perface xviiAcknowledgments xxiPart I The Building Design Context 1Chapter 1 Design Process 3Chapter 2 Environmental Resources 37Chapter 3 Sites and Resources 67Part II Design Fundamentals 113Chapter 4 Thermal Comfort 115Chapter 5 Indoor Air Quality 137Chapter 6 Light, Vision, and Visual Comfort 177Light 177Vision 190Light and Color 209Visual Comfort 221Chapter 7 Sound, Hearing, and Acoustical Comfort 223Chapter 8 Solar Geometry and Shading Devices 251Chapter 9 Heat Flow 277Part III Passive Environmental Systems 325Chapter 10 Daylighting 327Chapter 11 Passive Heating 383Chapter 12 Passive Cooling 441Chapter 13 Integrating Passive Systems 501Part IV Active Environmental Systems 529Chapter 14 Active Climate Control 531HVAC Components 547HVAC Systems 605Chapter 15 Lamps, Luminaires, and Controls 699Electric Lamps 699Incandescent Lamps 700Gaseous Discharge Lamps 709Fluorescent Lamps 711Solid State Lighting 726Other Electric Lamps 729Luminaires 731Lighting Fixture Properties 744Lighting Control 747Chapter 16 Electric Lighting Design 759Context 759Process 761Chapter 17 Electric Lighting Applications 813Residential Occupancies 813Educational Facilities 819Commercial Interiors 827Special Lighting Application Topics 835Chapter 18 Water and Design 855Chapter 19 Water Supply 897Chapter 20 Liquid Waste 987Chapter 21 Solid Waste 1059Part V Acoustics 1073Chapter 22 Sound in Enclosed Spaces 1075Absorption 1076Room Acoustics 1082Room Design 1090Sound Reinforcement Systems 1101Chapter 23 Building Noise Control 1111Noise Reduction 1111Absorption 1111Sound Isolation 1118Airborne Sound 1121Speech Privacy 1139Structure-Borne Noise 1155Mechanical System Noise Control 1157STC and IIC Recommendations and Criteria 1167Outdoor Acoustic Considerations 1170Reference Material 1172Part VI Fire Protection 1177Chapter 24 Fire Protection 1179Fire Resistance, Egress, and Extinguishment 1179Fire Alarm Systems 1225Part VII Electricity 1257Chapter 25 Principles of Electricity 1259Chapter 26 Electrical Systems and Materials: Service and Utilization 1279Chapter 27 Electrical Systems and Materials: Wiring and Raceways 1339Chapter 28 Electric Wiring Design 1375Chapter 29 Photovoltaic Systems 1423Part VIII Signal Systems 1449Chapter 30 Signal Systems 1451Private Residential Systems 1454Multiple-Dwelling Systems 1459School Systems 1462Office Building Systems 1467Industrial Building Systems 1471Automation 1474Part IX Transportation 1485Chapter 31 Elevators 1487Passenger Elevators 1487Traction Elevator Equipment 1488Hydraulic Elevators 1493Other Elevator Drives 1495Passenger Interaction Issues 1498Passenger Elevator Selection 1518Physical Properties and Spatial Requirements of Elevators 1532Power and Energy 1538Other Design Considerations 1541Special Shaft Arrangements 1545Special Elevator Designs 1547Freight Elevators 1548Chapter 32 Escalators and Other Mechanized Circulation Systems 1563Escalators 1563Moving Walks and Ramps 1580Special Passenger Conveyance Systems 1584Materials Handling 1587Part X Appendices 1595Appendix A Metrication, SI Units, and Conversions 1597Appendix B Climatic Conditions for the United States, Canada, and Mexico 1603Appendix C Solar and Daylighting Design Data 1629Appendix D Solar Geometry 1675Appendix E Thermal Properties of Materials and Assemblies 1689Appendix F Ventilation and Infiltration 1735Appendix G Heating and Cooling Design Guidelines and Information 1743Appendix H Standards/Guidelines for Energy and Resource-Efficient Building Design 1759Appendix I Solar Radiation and Thermal Storage 1765Appendix J Economic Analysis 1821Appendix K Sound Transmission Data 1827Appendix L Building Energy Modeling Tools and Resources 1847Index 1857