Measuring Race

Robert T. Teranishi is professor of education and codirector of the Institute for Immigration, Globalization, and Education at UCLA Graduate School of Education & Information Studies. Bach Mai Dolly Nguyen is an assistant professor of education at Oregon State University. Cynthia M. Alcantar is an assistant professor of higher education leadership at the University of Nevada, Reno. Edward R. Curammeng is assistant professor of teacher education at California State University, Dominguez Hills.

• ContentsSeries Foreword viiJames A. BanksPreface: Race: American Education’s Inescapable Conundrum xiiiWalter R. Allen1. Introduction 1Bach Mai Dolly Nguyen and Robert T. TeranishiPart I: Conceptual Considerations of Racial Heterogeneity2. Who’s Black?  Hybridity, Complexity, and Fluidity in 21st-Century Racial Identity 15Gloria Ladson-Billings3. Latinos in the American Racial Hierarchy:  The Complexities of Identity and Group Formation 29Luis Ricardo Fraga and Nicole Perez4. Panethnicity and Ethnic Heterogeneity:  The Politics of Lumping and Disaggregating Asian Americans  and Pacific Islanders in Educational Policy 46Michael Omi, Mike Hoa Nguyen, and Jason Chan5. The ”Invisible” Minority: Finding a Sense of Belonging After  Imperialism, Colonialism, and (Im)migration for Native Hawaiian  and Pacific Islanders in the United States 67‘Inoke Hafoka, Kēhaulani Vaughn, Iosefa Aina, and Cynthia M. Alcantar6. Draw Your Own Box? Further Complicating Racial Data  for Multiracial/Two or More Races College Students 84Marc P. Johnston-Guerrero and Karly Sarita FordPart II: Unmasking Educational Inequality Through Disaggregated Data7. Similar, But Not the Same: Considering the Intersections of  Race, Ethnicity, and Immigrant Status in the Lives of Black Students 103Kimberly A. Griffin and Chrystal A. George Mwangi8. Beyond Reservations: Exploring Diverse Backgrounds and  Tribal Citizenship Among Native College Students 119Heather J. Shotton9. The Mismeasure of Native American Students:  Using Data Disaggregation to Promote Identity Safety 131Laura M. Brady, Zoe Higheagle Strong, and Stephanie A. Fryberg10. More Than Nuance: Recognizing and Serving  the Diversity of the Latinx Community 154Desiree D. Zerquera, Jasmine Haywood, and MartÍn De Mucha11. Data Quality in the Evaluation of Latino Student Success 170Stella M. Flores, Brian Holzman, and Leticia OsegueraConclusion 195Robert T. TeranishiAbout the Editors and Contributors 202Index 207