Dr. Paul J. Gruenewald has worked as a Senior Research Scientist at Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, since 1987. His research interests focus upon studies of the social, economic and physical availability of alcohol, alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Additional foci of his work include mathematical and statistical models of alcohol use and related problems, the development of evaluation methodologies appropriate to community-based evaluations of preventive interventions, and the environmental prevention of violence. Dr. Gruenewald is currently Scientific Director of Prevention Research Center (PRC), Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE); a research division that focuses upon developing the scientific bases for the prevention of drug and alcohol problems. He also directs the Spatial Systems Group, a coordinating center for PIRE-wide work using Geographic Information Systems, Spatial Statistical Systems, and Spatial Dynamic Models. He has been a Principal or Co-Investigator on 18 funded research projects. Dr. Gruenewald is currently Principal Investigator on three research projects funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) within the National Institutes of Health (NIH); a grant to study the relationships of alcohol outlets to violence among adults in California, a contract to develop mathematical ecological models of alcohol use and related problems in community settings, and an NIAAA funded Center grant to develop scientific bases for the prevention of alcohol related problems (the Environmental Approaches to Prevention Research Center). In honor of his research achievements, Dr. Gruenewald recently received a Merit Award from NIAAA to support continued studies of alcohol outlets and violence. Andrew J. Treno received his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of California at Berkeley in 1983. He has been at the Prevention Research Center for over 10 years. His primary area of interest is alcohol problem prevention and evaluation. He has published in the areas of community mobilization, alcohol involvement in injury, and evaluation of environmental approaches to the prevention of alcohol-related problems. He currently serves as Project Director for the Sacramento Neighborhood alcohol Prevention Project (SNAPP). In that capacity he has given numerous community presentations on the project and has successfully obtained CSAP funding in support of project interventions. He has also worked to adapt many of the evaluation instruments from the Community Trials project to the SNAPP project.

• IntroductionWhy Community Indicators?Community Indicators from a Systems PerspectiveSystems Models and SocietySubstance Use-Abuse IndicatorsCommunity Indicators and Survey DataMethods for the Acquisition of Indicator DataComment