Measurement of Hate Crimes in America

Frank S. Pezzella (Criminal Justice, SUNY Albany) is an associate professor with the Department of Criminal Justice at John Jay College of Criminal Justice and the Program of Doctoral Studies in Criminal Justice at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He is the author of “Hate Crime Statutes: a public policy and law enforcement dilemma,” a Springer brief about the policy dilemmas and unintended consequences of hate crime statutes. He is the coauthor of several research reports that delineate the prevalence and severity of injuries to hate crime victims. He regularly teaches undergraduate and graduate courses about hate crime offending and victimizations.Matthew D. Fetzer (Criminal Justice, SUNY Albany) is an associate professor with the Department of Criminal Justice at Shippensburg University.  His research interests include the measurement of crime and delinquency, hate crime, violence, and juvenile justice.  Prior to hiscurrent position, he worked as a program research specialist for the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services.  While working for New York State, he first began conducting research on hate crime in addition to topics of homicide and domestic violence.

• 1. Introduction.- 2. Conceptualization.- 3. Hate Crime Reporting Systems.- 4. Measurement Issues.- 5. Patterns and Trends.- 6. The Uniqueness of Hate Crimes.- 7. Victims Under Reporting. -8. The Law Enforcement Response to Hate Crimes.- 9. Recommendations.​