Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Activity Applications

Phillip A. Bishop is Emeritus Professor of Exercise Science at the University of Alabama, USA where he taught for over 30 years. He has taught, researched, and lectured in about 31 states and about 30 foreign countries. He has conducted research for NASA, the US Airforce, the US Army, and the US Military Academy.

• PART 1: UNDERSTANDING THE MEASUREMENT PROCESS 1. Measurement and Evaluation for Your Personal and Professional LifeThe Value of Measurement and Evaluation Classifications in Measurement and Evaluation Measurement and Evaluation Applications in Life 2. The Challenge of Good Measurement: Validity Measurement Error Naming Measurement Errors: Validity 3. Additional Challenges of Good Measurement: Reliability and ObjectivityReliabilityObjectivity4. Understanding ValidityIntroductionTypes of ValidityPART 2: NUMBERS AND STATISTICS IN MEASUREMENT 5. Evaluating Validity: Introduction to StatisticsMeasures of Central TendencyDistributions: Normal Distributions and the Normal CurveAppendix 5.A: Computing Standard Deviation with Excel6. Evaluating Validity: t-Tests and CorrelationsEvaluating Criterion Validity for Continuous MeasuresTypes of t-Tests Correlations: Pearson Product-Moment CorrelationAppendix 6.A: Predicting V̇O2max (mL • kg–1 • min–1) from Meters Run, Using ExcelAppendix 6.B: Running a t-Test with ExcelAppendix 6.C: Creating a Scatter Plot with Excel before Calculating CorrelationsAppendix 6.D: Calculating Correlations with Excel7. Evaluating Validity for Ordinal Measures, and Error AnalysisSpearman's Correlation for Ordinal NumbersBland-Altman Error AnalysisAppendix 7.A: Creating a Trendline in ExcelAppendix 7.B: Evaluating Criterion Validity with a Bland-Altman Analysis Using Excel8. Evaluating Validity of Criterion-Referenced MeasuresCriterion MeasureBalance between Competent and Not CompetentAnother Statistic for Evaluating Validity for Criterion-Referenced Tests9. Understanding, Calculating, and Evaluating ReliabilityEvaluating ReliabilitySingle Test Administration MethodsInternal Consistency ReliabilityEvaluating the Reliability of Criterion-Referenced MeasurementsAppendix 9.A: Calculating the Intraclass Correlation Using Excel10. Understanding, Calculating, and Evaluating ObjectivityEvaluating Objectivity11. Devising MeasurementsThe Process of Devising a Test12. Evaluating New MeasurementsEstimating the Validity of a New MeasurementEstimating Reliability Estimating ObjectivityAdditional Real-World Measurement and Evaluation Applications13. Numbers and Statistics in Measurement Understanding Numbers in MeasurementIntroduction to Numbers Normal Vs. Non-Normal (Non-Standard) DistributionsMeasures of Dispersion 14. Standard ScoresPercent-Based Standard ScoresZ-ScoresChecking a Measurement Technique15. Practical Inferential StatisticsCorrelations Measure Relationships Between VariablesComplex Comparisons of Group MeansProbabilities16. Misusing StatisticsUse of Non-Normal SamplesSudstituting Statistics for Clear ThinkingPart 3: MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION APPLICATIONS17. Measuring in Quantitative ResearchMeasurement Challenges in Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science ResearchChallenges in Quantitative ResearchMeasurement Challenges in Clinical and Epidemiological Quantitative Research18. Qualitative Research and Reading ResearchIntroduction to Qualitative ResearchChallenges in Qualitative ResearchReading Research Papers19. Measuring Physical Fitness What Is Physical Fitness?Measuring Cardiorespiratory FitnessMeasuring Muscular EnduranceMeasuring Muscular StrengthFitness Tests for the ElderlyFitness Tests for ChildrenFitness Tests for Differently Abled Individuals20. Measuring Body Composition and Range of Motion, and Administering TestsMeasuring Body CompositionEstimates of Body Composition Additional Body Composition MeasuresMeasuring Range of MotionAdministering Fitness and Performance Tests 21. Measuring Exercise and Physical ActivityMeasuring ExerciseSection Two: Measuring Physical Activity22. Measuring HealthThe Exercise PrescriptionMedical Status/Health HistoryFitness Level/Exercise HistoryPreferences and InterestsExercise Goals23. Measuring Psychomotor Performance and Sports SkillsUsing Taxonomies in Human Performance MeasurementMeasuring Performance Based on the Psychomotor Taxonomy Issues in Measuring Human PerformanceAdministration of Psychomotor Skills Tests24. Measuring Skills with RubricsRubrics25. Measuring in Sports and CoachingMeasurement Challenges in Competitive SportMeasuring in CoachingMeasuring in Athletic Training26. Alternative Approaches to Measurement and Subjective MeasurementAuthentic AssessmentAlternative Assessment InstrumentsAlternative Assessment Techniques27. Measuring the Affective DomanRating Scales28. Measuring and Evaluating Knowledge Why Test and Grade?Planning for Testing and GradingDevising Cognitive Tests29. Creating and Evaluating TestsTypes of Test QuestionsItem Analysis for Evaluating Tests30. GradingOptions in Physical Education GradingMethods for Calculating Grades