Incorporating contributions from microbiologists, molecular biologists, plant breeders and soil scientists this volume reports the results and recommendations of an FAO/IAEA meeting of twelve experts on biological nitrogen fixation. The text: reviews the latest thinking on various aspects of biological nitrogen fixation technology and applications; reviews the possibilities in enhancing nitrogen fixation in various cropping systems; shows ways how biological nitrogen fixation can be used to enhance crop production; considers the applicability of these technologies to small farmers in developing countries.