Mathematical Physics for Nuclear Experiments

Inbunden, Engelska, 2022

AvAndrew E. Ekpenyong

2 989 kr

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Mathematical Physics for Nuclear Experiments presents an accessible introduction to the mathematical derivations of key equations used in describing and analysing results of typical nuclear physics experiments. Instead of merely showing results and citing texts, crucial equations in nuclear physics such as the Bohr’s classical formula, Bethe’s quantum mechanical formula for energy loss, Poisson, Gaussian and Maxwellian distributions for radioactive decay, and the Fermi function for beta spectrum analysis, among many more, are presented with the mathematical bases of their derivation and with their physical utility.This approach provides readers with a greater connection between the theoretical and experimental sides of nuclear physics. The book also presents connections between well-established results and ongoing research. It also contains figures and tables showing results from the author’s experiments and those of his students to demonstrate experimental outcomes.This is a valuable guide for advanced undergraduates and early graduates studying nuclear instruments and methods, medical and health physics courses as well as experimental particle physics courses.Key featuresContains over 500 equations connecting theory with experiments.Presents over 80 examples showing physical intuition and illustrating concepts.Includes 80 exercises, with solutions, showing applications in nuclear and medical physics.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2022-01-21
Mått156 x 234 x 20 mm
Vikt453 g
FormatInbunden
SpråkEngelska
Antal sidor258
FörlagTaylor & Francis Ltd
ISBN9780367768522

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Tillämpad fysik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
Fysik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Andrew Ekpenyong is a professor at Creighton University, USA. He earned his PhD in Physics from the University of Cambridge, UK, in 2012. He obtained a Master of Science degree in Physics in 2007 from Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA, where he teaches Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Quantum Mechanics, Physics of Radiation Therapy, Dosimetry and Radiation Protection, Biophysics as well as General Physics. He has supervised research and taught both graduates and undergraduates at Technical University, Dresden, Germany and Creighton University, USA. Dr Ekpenyong has authored/co-authored several articles in peer-reviewed journals in physics and medical physics. His research has ranged from the physics of cancer (a new frontier bordering on the mechanical properties of cancer cells and their role in cancer disease and metastasis) to the physics of radiation therapy.

Preface About the Author AcknowledgementsSymbols Radioactivity and Decay Law 1.1 THE RADIOACTIVE DECAY LAW 1.1.0.1 Solution 1.1.0.2 Solution 1.1.0.3 Solution 1.2 RADIOACTIVE DECAY CHAIN 1.2.1 The Bateman Equations 1.2.1.1 The System of Differential Equations 1.2.1.2 Laplace Transformations 1.2.1.3 Inverse Laplace Transformations or Partial Fractions 1.2.1.4 Solution 1.3 TRANSIENT AND SECULAR EQUILIBRIUM 1.3.0.1 Solution 1.3.0.2 Solution 1.3.1 Transient Equilibrium Applications 1.3.1.1 Solution 1.3.2 Matrix Exponential and Other Methods for Bateman Equations 1.4 RADIOACTIVE DECAY ENERGY CALCULATIONS 1.4.0.1 Solution 1.4.0.2 Solution 1.5 MATHEMATICAL ELEMENTS OF ALPHA DECAY 1.5.1 Basics of Alpha Decay 1.5.1.1 Solution 1.5.1.2 Solution 1.5.1.3 Solution 1.5.2 Geiger-Nuttall Law 1.6 MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS OF BETA DECAY 1.6.1 Beta Decay Equations and Spectra 1.6.1.1 Solution 1.6.1.2 Solution 1.6.2 Continuous beta spectrum and neutrinos 1.6.3 Transition rate and Fermi-Kurie Plots 1.7 MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS OF GAMMA DECAY 1.7.1 Isomeric Transition Energetics and Multipole Selection Rules 1.7.1.1 Solution 1.7.2 Internal Conversion Coefficients 1.7.2.1 Solution 1.7.3 Electron Capture versus Isomeric Transition 1.7.4 Auger Electrons 1.7.4.1 Solution 1.7.5 Coincidences and Angular Correlations 1.7.5.1 Solution 1.8 SPONTANEOUS FISSION 1.9 ANSWERS Probability and Statistics for Nuclear Experimental Data 2.1 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS2.1.1 Cumulative Distribution 2.1.2 Expectation Values, Mean, Variance and Covariance2.1.2.1 Solution 2.1.2.2 Solution 2.2 BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 2.2.0.1 Solution 2.2.0.2 Solution 2.2.0.3 Solution 2.3 POISSON DISTRIBUTION 2.3.0.1 Solution 2.3.0.2 Solution 2.3.0.3 Solution 2.3.0.4 Solution 2.3.0.5 Solution 2.4 GAUSSIAN OR NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 2.4.0.1 Solution 2.4.0.2 Solution 2.4.0.3 Solution 2.5 MAXWELLIAN DISTRIBUTION 2.6 CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION 2.6.0.1 Solution 2.7 EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION 2.8 LANDAU AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS 2.9 DETERMINATION AND TESTS OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS2.9.1 Estimation of Mean, Variance and Covariance from Samples 2.9.2 Using Relative Frequency for Sample Mean and Variance 2.9.2.1 Solution 2.9.3 Chi-Square Test and other Statistical Tests on Experimental Data 2.10 UNCERTAINTIES: CALCULATION AND EXPRESSION 2.10.1 Accuracy and Precision, Error and Uncertainty 2.10.2 Statistical and Systematic Uncertainties 2.10.2.1 Statistical or Random Uncertainties 2.10.2.2 Systematic Uncertainties 2.10.3 Calculation, Estimation and Expression of Uncertainties2.11 ERROR PROPAGATION 2.11.1 Error Propagation Formula 2.11.2 Examples of Error Propagation 2.11.2.1 Solution 2.11.2.2 Solution 2.11.2.3 Solution 2.12 ANSWERS Energy Loss of Heavy Charged Particles through Matter3.1 GENERAL RESULTS AND PERTURBATION THEORY 3.1.0.1 Solution 3.2 BOHR’S CLASSICAL FORMULA 3.2.1 Terminology and Physical Basis 3.2.2 Classical Derivation 3.2.2.1 Solution 3.3 BETHE’S QUANTUM MECHANICAL FORMULA 3.3.1 Derivation of Differential Cross Section 3.3.2 Validity Conditions and Relativistic Corrections 3.3.2.1 Solution 3.4 BLOCH AND OTHER EXTENSIONS OF BETHE’S FORMULA3.4.1 Summary of Corrections and Extensions 3.4.2 Bloch’s Correction and Extensions: Mathematical 3.4.2.1 Solution 3.4.2.2 Solution 3.4.2.3 Solution 3.4.2.4 Solution 3.4.2.5 Solution 3.5 RANGE OF HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES 3.5.0.1 Solution 3.5.0.2 Solution 3.6 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF BRAGG PEAK 3.7 IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICLES AND OTHER APPLICATIONS3.7.0.1 Solution 3.7.0.2 Solution 3.7.0.3 Solution 3.8 PSTAR, ASTAR AND OTHER SOFTWARE PACKAGES 13.9 RADIATIVE LOSS VIA BREMSSTRAHLUNG FOR HEAVYCHARGED PARTICLES 3.10 ANSWERS Energy Loss of Electrons and Positrons through Matter 4.1 COLLISIONAL LOSS AND MODIFIED BETHE FORMULA4.1.0.1 Solution 4.1.0.2 Solution 4.1.0.3 Solution 4.2 RADIATIVE LOSS VIA BREMSSTRAHLUNG FOR LIGHT CHARGED PARTICLES 4.2.0.1 Solution 4.2.0.2 Solution 4.2.0.3 Solution 4.3 RANGE OF LIGHT CHARGED PARTICLES 4.3.0.1 Solution 4.3.0.2 Solution4.3.1 Radiation Yield 4.4 ESTAR AND OTHER SOFTWARE PACKAGES 4.4.0.1 Solution 4.5 MULTIPLE COULOMB SCATTERING AND GAUSSIAN APPROXIMATIONS 4.6 TAMM-FRANK-CERENKOV RADIATION FORMULA 4.6.0.1 Solution 4.6.0.2 Solution 4.7 TRANSITION RADIATION4.8 ANSWERS Interactions of Photons in Matter5.1 PHOTON ATTENUATION AND THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 5.1.0.1 Solution 5.1.0.2 Solution 5.1.0.3 Solution 5.1.0.4 Solution 5.1.0.5 Solution 5.2 PHOTOELECTRIC CROSS-SECTION AND BORN APPROXIMATION5.2.1 Photoelectric Effect 5.2.1.1 Solution 5.2.1.2 Solution 5.2.1.3 Solution 5.2.2 Photoelectric Cross Section from Perturbation Theory 5.2.2.1 Initial and Final States 5.2.2.2 Interaction and Result 5.2.2.3 Solution 5.2.2.4 Solution 5.2.2.5 Solution 5.2.2.6 Solution 5.2.2.7 Solution 5.3 KLEIN-NISHINA FORMULA FOR COMPTON SCATTERING5.3.1 Compton Scattering 5.3.1.1 Solution 5.3.1.2 Solution 5.3.1.3 Solution 5.3.1.4 Solution 5.3.2 Derivation of the Klein-Nishina formula 5.4 THOMSON AND RAYLEIGH SCATTERING 5.4.0.1 Solution 5.4.0.2 Solution 5.5 PAIR PRODUCTION AND BORN APPROXIMATION 5.5.1 Kinematics of Pair/Triplet Production 5.5.1.1 Solution 5.5.1.2 Solution 5.5.2 Differential Cross Section for Pair Production 5.6 ANSWERS General Mathematical Definitions and DerivationsA.1 CROSS SECTIONS A.1.1 Scattering and Absorption Cross Sections A.1.2 Differential Cross Sections A.1.3 Total Cross Sections A.2 SCHRÖDINGER’S EQUATION AND CROSS SECTIONS A.3 BORN APPROXIMATIONS A.3.1 Perturbation Theory A.3.2 First Born Approximation for Scattering AmplitudeA.3.3 Born Series using Green’s Function A.3.3.1 Zeroth Order Solution A.3.3.2 First Order Solution A.3.3.3 Second Order Solution A.3.3.4 Nth Order Solution Experimental Data: from Creighton University NIM Lab B.1 DATA: CHAPTER 2B.1.1 Data for Fig.2.6 Bibliography