Prof. Zhihua Zhang is a Taishan Distinguished Professor at Shandong University (China) and is leading an AI for Digital Earth research group. His long-standing research focuses on Digital Earth, Earth system dynamics, Environmental evolution and Sustainability. Prof Zhang has published many Elsevier/Springer books as the first author and more than 80 articles as the first/corresponding author, highlighted many times by New Scientist (UK), China Science Daily, and China Social Science Daily. Due to his research achievement on AI for Digital Earth, Prof Zhang was elected as an IETI fellow in 2025. Currently, Prof. Zhang is serving in many global and regional known journals as an Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editor or Editorial Board Member, chairing the first tracks at the Mediterranean Geosciences Union Annual Meeting and has delivered several plenary/keynote presentations at international conferences. John C. Moore is a Research Professor at Universities of Lapland (Finland) and Uppsala (Sweden), a Chief Scientist & Research Professor, Beijing Normal University (China), Guest professor at Polar Research Institute of China, as well as the Director of Polar Climate and Environment Key Laboratory. John C. Moore has published over 100 papers, where six papers have been published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). John C. Moore’s research includes climate change; past sea level change and prediction, natural and anthropogenic climate forcing, impacts of extreme climate events, and computer modelling of glacier flow and evolution. John C. Moore was Finnish representative on the International Arctic Science Committee, Glaciology Group. John Moore is the Editor-in-Chief of “American Journal of Climate Change” and an Editorial Board Member of “The Cryosphere”. John C. Moore’s research is supported by European Science Foundation, EU Northern Periphery Program, National Key Science Program for Global Change Research (China), Finnish Academy, and NSFC

• Preface: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Climate Change Research1. Fourier Analysis2. Time-Frequency Analysis3. Filter Design4. Remote Sensing5. Basic Probability and Statistics6. Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs)7. Random Processes and Power Spectra8. Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) Models9. Data Assimilation10. Fluid Dynamics11. Atmospheric Dynamics12. Oceanic Dynamics13. Glaciers and Sea Level Rise14. Climate and Earth System Models