Richard P. Menger, MD, MPA, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USARajiv R. Iyer, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USAMichael G. Vitale, MD, MPH, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USALawrence G. Lenke, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

• Part I. Unique Considerations in the Evaluation and Treatment of Growing Children with Spine Disorders.- Organizing Your Thoughts on Pediatric Spinal Deformity.- Measuring the Films: An Overview.- Mehta Casting in Infantile Scoliosis.- How and When to Use Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods.- How and When to Use Traditional Growing Rods.- Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR).- How and When to Use a Growth Guidance Surgery (Shilla).- How and When to Treat Congenital Scoliosis.- Nuances of Syndromic Scoliosis: Neurofibromatosis Type 1.- Nuances of Syndromic Scoliosis: Connective Tissue Marfan's, Ehlers-Danlos, and Loeys-Dietz.- Nuances of Neuromuscular Scoliosis.- Special Considerations in SMA Patients.- Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Myelomeningocele Associated Spine Deformity.- Part II. Technical Nuances: How to Treat Pediatric Patients and How to Perform Pediatric Spine Surgery.- Nuances of Conservative Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): Bracing and Physical Therapy.- Operative Indications and Level Selection in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.- How and When to Perform a Selective Thoracic Fusion for AIS.- How and When to Perform Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering in AIS.- Halo Gravity Traction.- How and When to Place Freehand Pedicle Screws in Pediatric Spinal Deformity.- How and When to Use Hooks, Sublaminar Wires and Other Instrumentation.- How and When to Place Cervical Instrumentation.- How and When to Perform a Posterior Column Osteotomy in a Child.- How and When to Perform a Three-Column Osteotomy in a Child.- Pelvic Instrumentation in the Young/Growing Spine.- Scheuermann’s Kyphosis.- High Grade Spondylolisthesis.- Postlaminectomy Kyphosis.- Cervical and Craniocervical Spine Deformity in Children.- Chiari Type-1 Malformation, Syringomyelia, and Scoliosis.- Types of Braces and Bracing Techniques for Pediatric Scoliosis.- Spinal Column Shortening for Tethered Spinal Cord.- Part III. Technology and Systems-Based Care for Children.- Pre-Operative Medical Optimization In Pediatric Spinal Deformity Patients.- Anesthetic Considerations in Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery.- Enabling Technologies in Pediatric Spine Surgery.- Building a High-Performance Team for Complex Pediatric Spine Surgery: A Comprehensive Approach.- Postoperative Care on the ICU and Floor for Pediatric Spine Patients.- Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for Pediatric Spinal Deformity.- Considerations for Pediatric Patients after Spinal Deformity Surgery.- When Kids Grow Up: Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis.- Long-term Sagittal Alignment in Children and Young Adults.- The Economics of Pediatric Spinal Deformity.- Modalities of Neuromonitoring in Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery.- Managing Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Changes in the Stable Spine.- Intraoperative Neuromonitoring changes in High-Risk Spine Surgery.- Cases with Unreliable Neuromonitoring Data.- Part IV. How the Masters Do It.- How Do the Masters Do it? A Step-By-Step Guide for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke 1A.- How Do the Masters Do it? A Step-By-Step Guide for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke 5C.- How Do the Masters Do it? A Step-By-Step Guide for Vertebral Column Resection.- How Do the Masters Do it? A Step-By-Step Guide for Early Onset Scoliosis.- How Do the Masters Do it? A Step-By-Step Guide for High Grade Spondylolisthesis.