Marxism and Leninism

John H. Kautsky is professor emeritus of political science at Washington University in St. Louis. He is the author of Karl Kautsky. The politics of Aristocratic Empires and Social Democracy and Aristocracy - all available from Transaction.

• INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSACTION EDITION -- PREFACE -- 1. INTRODUCTION: TWO ENVIRONMENTS—TWO IDEOLOGIES—ONE TERMINOLOGY -- Why Bother with Dead Marxism and Leninism? -- Two Ideologies -- Marx and Marxism -- One Terminology -- Ideology and Words -- 2. THE EVOLUTION OF MARXISM -- Socialist Labor Movements -- Origins -- The Appeal o f Marxism -- The Social-Democratic Party in the German Empire -- Growth and Weakness -- Revolution and Marxism -- Social Democracy since 1918 -- 3. THE EVOLUTION OF LENINISM -- Leninism and Modernizing Intellectuals in Underdeveloped Countries -- Lenin Reinterpreted -- Revolutionary M odernizing Intellectuals -- The Appeal of Leninism -- From Proletarian Revolution to M odernizing Revolution -- Industrialization -- Anti-imperialism -- Intellectuals and Workers -- Peasants and Peasant Revolution -- Marx and Lenin on Bourgeois, Proletarian, and Peasant Revolutions -- No Class Struggle in Russia -- No Class Struggle in the East -- Leninist Voluntarism and M arxist Determinism -- Leninism since Lenin -- From Mao to Mengistu -- The Blurring o f Leninism -- 4. MARXISM IN THE EAST, “LENINISM IN THE WEST -- Marxism in Underdeveloped Countries -- Adaptable Leninists, Doctrinaire M arxists -- The M ensheviks -- Leninism in Western Europe -- Lenin's M arxist Words as Myths -- Lenin's Non-Leninist Followers -- The French and Italian Communist Parties: Heirs of Syndicalism -- PCF and PCI: From Syndicalism to Disappearance or Social Democracy -- Between Marxism and Leninism -- 5. WHY MARXISM AND LENINISM HAVE BEEN SEEN AS A SINGLE IDEOLOGY -- Ideology and Environment -- Ideology: Words or Substance? -- Marxists' Un-Marxian View o f Marxism and Leninism -- The Uses and Origins of the Confusion -- Why Leninists in Underdeveloped Countries and -- Western M arxists Want To Be “M arxists-Leninists -- The Beginnings of the Confusion -- Eurocentrism -- Russia: A European Country -- M arxism: A Eurocentric View of History -- Ignorance and Indifference -- No M ore Excuse for Eurocentrism -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.