Mary Hickson is Professor of Dietetics at the University of Plymouth, following over 23 years of clinical experience in the NHS. Her academic work is grounded in extensive frontline practice, and her research interests span all aspects of dietetic practice, in particular sarcopenia, frailty, and the nutritional care of older people. She has authored many scientific papers supporting evidence-based dietetic practice and is deeply committed to fostering impactful research that strengthens the profession’s evidence base. Kate Maslin is a Senior Research Fellow in Maternal and Child Health at the University of Plymouth. She holds a PhD in paediatric nutrition and has previously worked as a Lecturer in Dietetic Practice and Clinical Paediatric Dietitian. Her research focuses on early life and pregnancy-related nutrition. Linda Wedlake was a Research Dietitian at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust for over 20 years. Her PhD research focused on nutritional substrates to protect the gut during radiotherapy treatment. She was a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Training Advocate for dietetics, a Trustee for the BDA GET fund, and a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Surrey. Duane Mellor is a highly experienced clinical and academic dietitian with special interest in diabetes, particularly paediatric diabetes. He holds a PhD in diabetes and endocrinology from the University of Hull and has held academic positions in both the UK and Australia. He is currently a Specialist Paediatric Diabetes Dietitian at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. Adrian Brown is an NIHR Advanced Fellow and Principal Research Fellow (Associate Professor) in Nutrition and Dietetics at the Centre of Obesity Research, University College London, which he co-leads. He is a Senior Specialist Weight Management and Bariatric Dietitian with over 19 years of clinical experience, and he holds a PhD in medicine from Imperial College London. His research focuses on obesity, particularly weight stigma, processed foods, and the use of formula-based diets across diverse patient groups.

• Contributors xiiiForeword xxiPreface xxiiiPart 1 Professional practice 11 Professional practice 32 Dietary modification 163 Changing health behaviour 224 Medicines management and governance 355 Personal nutrition, genetics and nutritional genomics 456 Alternative and complementary therapies 567 Advancing practice in dietetics (UK approach) 638 Freelance practice 67Part 2 Public health and food provision for diverse communities 759 Public health nutrition 7710 Food environment and the food system 9511 Sustainable diets 10212 Principles of food service in hospitals 11013 Food service in care homes and schools 12014 Food service in the armed forces and in prisons 12615 Global dietary cultures (supporting individuals to make dietary changes within their food culture and identity) 13016 Food security and vulnerability (including people living with homelessness) 14617 Learning disabilities 15818 Food law and labelling 17219 Dietary reference values and food-based dietary guidelines 18220 Food composition tables and databases 18821 Neurodiversity 19822 Sport and exercise nutrition 205Part 3 Nutrition through the lifecycle 21523 Nutrition and fertility 21724 Nutrition during the preconception phase 22425 Nutrition during pregnancy 22926 Nutrition after pregnancy 23727 Infant and pre-school nutrition (0–4 years) 24228 Childhood nutrition (5–11 years) 24729 Adolescent nutrition (12–18 years) 25030 Healthy eating and dietary approaches for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease 25331 Menopause 26232 Healthy ageing 266Part 4 Assessment, diagnosis and intervention strategies 277Assessment of Nutritional Status and Requirements33 Introduction to assessing nutritional status and nutritional screening 27934 Anthropometry and body composition 28335 Biochemical assessment 29436 Clinical assessment 30537 Assessment of diet and dehydration 30938 Environmental, social and psychological assessment 31839 Functional assessment 32140 Assessing nutritional requirements 325Diagnosis and Intervention Strategies41 Introduction to nutrition and dietetic diagnosis 33442 Oral nutrition support 33843 Texture-modified diets 34944 Enteral nutrition 35345 Parenteral nutrition 370Part 5 Adult clinical practice 379Systemic Conditions46 Undernutrition 38147 Multimorbidity 38748 Endometriosis 396Gastrointestinal Disorders49 Oral diseases 40250 Dysphagia 41151 Disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract 41952 Disorders of the stomach and duodenum 42453 Disorders of the pancreas 42954 Disorders of the liver and biliary tract 43855 Overview of malabsorptive conditions 46156 Coeliac disease 46757 Inflammatory bowel disease 48058 Orofacial granulomatosis 49059 Intestinal failure and rehabilitation 49560 Irritable bowel syndrome 50561 Constipation, diarrhoea, diverticulitis 514Renal Disorders62 Acute kidney injury 52663 Chronic kidney disease 53664 Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) 557Cardio-Metabolic Syndromes65 Gout 56666 Polycystic ovary syndrome 571Overweight and Obesity67 Overview of obesity 58068 Dietary and behavioural management 58369 Metabolic and bariatric surgery 58970 Pharmacotherapy (obesity management medications) 598Diabetes71 Diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism 60572 Type 1 diabetes 60873 Type 2 diabetes 61874 Gestational diabetes 62475 Other types of diabetes, including lipodystrophy 628Vascular Disease76 Clinical management of cardiovascular disease 63277 Heart failure 642Respiratory Disease78 Nutritional management of respiratory disease 65179 Cystic fibrosis 66080 Nutritional management for people living with long COVID 671Immunological Disorders81 Food hypersensitivity in adults 67782 Human immunodeficiency virus 69383 Sickle cell and other haemoglobinopathies 70284 Inherited metabolic disorders 708Neurological Disorders85 Parkinson's disease 72886 Motor neurone disease 73687 Multiple sclerosis 74488 Stroke 74989 Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalopathy) 75990 Rare neurological conditions 766Mental Health91 Mental and neurocognitive conditions 77492 Eating disorders 78693 Dementias 804Cancer94 General aspects of cancer 81395 Head and neck cancer 82096 Gastrointestinal tract cancers 83197 Breast cancer (including prevention strategies) 83898 Lung cancers 84899 Gynaecological cancers 855100 Prostate cancer 863101 Haematological cancers 868102 Cancer cachexia 872103 Personalised cancer care 879Musculoskeletal Disorders104 Osteoporosis 884105 Arthritis 894Trauma and Critical Care106 Critical care 901107 Traumatic brain injury 918108 Spinal cord injury 926109 Neurorehabilitation 937110 Burn injury 946111 Surgery 954112 Wound healing, tissue viability and pressure ulcers 963Geriatric Nutritional Medicine113 Frailty 970114 Palliative and end-of-life care 979Part 6 Paediatric clinical practice 987115 Essentials of paediatric dietetics 989116 Nutritional care of the preterm infant 997117 Growth faltering 1001118 Paediatric food hypersensitivity 1008119 Autism in children and young people 1017120 Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder 1021121 Special needs 1024122 Childhood weight management 1026123 Paediatric diabetes 1031124 Cystic fibrosis in childhood 1035125 Paediatric gastroenterology 1038126 Paediatric general surgery 1043127 Paediatric liver disease 1046128 Paediatric nephrology 1049129 Nutrition support in children with congenital heart defects 1052130 Nutrition support in the critically ill child 1057131 Paediatric neurology and the ketogenic diet 1062132 Paediatric neurosurgery 1066133 Inherited metabolic disorders in children 1069134 Paediatric cancers 1072Index 1077

Mary Hickson is Professor of Dietetics at the University of Plymouth, following over 23 years of clinical experience in the NHS. Her academic work is grounded in extensive frontline practice, and her research interests span all aspects of dietetic practice, in particular sarcopenia, frailty, and the nutritional care of older people. She has authored many scientific papers supporting evidence-based dietetic practice and is deeply committed to fostering impactful research that strengthens the profession’s evidence base. Kate Maslin is a Senior Research Fellow in Maternal and Child Health at the University of Plymouth. She holds a PhD in paediatric nutrition and has previously worked as a Lecturer in Dietetic Practice and Clinical Paediatric Dietitian. Her research focuses on early life and pregnancy-related nutrition. Linda Wedlake was a Research Dietitian at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust for over 20 years. Her PhD research focused on nutritional substrates to protect the gut during radiotherapy treatment. She was a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Training Advocate for dietetics, a Trustee for the BDA GET fund, and a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Surrey. Duane Mellor is a highly experienced clinical and academic dietitian with special interest in diabetes, particularly paediatric diabetes. He holds a PhD in diabetes and endocrinology from the University of Hull and has held academic positions in both the UK and Australia. He is currently a Specialist Paediatric Diabetes Dietitian at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. Adrian Brown is an NIHR Advanced Fellow and Principal Research Fellow (Associate Professor) in Nutrition and Dietetics at the Centre of Obesity Research, University College London, which he co-leads. He is a Senior Specialist Weight Management and Bariatric Dietitian with over 19 years of clinical experience, and he holds a PhD in medicine from Imperial College London. His research focuses on obesity, particularly weight stigma, processed foods, and the use of formula-based diets across diverse patient groups.

• Contributors xiiiForeword xxiPreface xxiiiPart 1 Professional practice 11 Professional practice 32 Dietary modification 163 Changing health behaviour 224 Medicines management and governance 355 Personal nutrition, genetics and nutritional genomics 456 Alternative and complementary therapies 567 Advancing practice in dietetics (UK approach) 638 Freelance practice 67Part 2 Public health and food provision for diverse communities 759 Public health nutrition 7710 Food environment and the food system 9511 Sustainable diets 10212 Principles of food service in hospitals 11013 Food service in care homes and schools 12014 Food service in the armed forces and in prisons 12615 Global dietary cultures (supporting individuals to make dietary changes within their food culture and identity) 13016 Food security and vulnerability (including people living with homelessness) 14617 Learning disabilities 15818 Food law and labelling 17219 Dietary reference values and food-based dietary guidelines 18220 Food composition tables and databases 18821 Neurodiversity 19822 Sport and exercise nutrition 205Part 3 Nutrition through the lifecycle 21523 Nutrition and fertility 21724 Nutrition during the preconception phase 22425 Nutrition during pregnancy 22926 Nutrition after pregnancy 23727 Infant and pre-school nutrition (0–4 years) 24228 Childhood nutrition (5–11 years) 24729 Adolescent nutrition (12–18 years) 25030 Healthy eating and dietary approaches for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease 25331 Menopause 26232 Healthy ageing 266Part 4 Assessment, diagnosis and intervention strategies 277Assessment of Nutritional Status and Requirements33 Introduction to assessing nutritional status and nutritional screening 27934 Anthropometry and body composition 28335 Biochemical assessment 29436 Clinical assessment 30537 Assessment of diet and dehydration 30938 Environmental, social and psychological assessment 31839 Functional assessment 32140 Assessing nutritional requirements 325Diagnosis and Intervention Strategies41 Introduction to nutrition and dietetic diagnosis 33442 Oral nutrition support 33843 Texture-modified diets 34944 Enteral nutrition 35345 Parenteral nutrition 370Part 5 Adult clinical practice 379Systemic Conditions46 Undernutrition 38147 Multimorbidity 38748 Endometriosis 396Gastrointestinal Disorders49 Oral diseases 40250 Dysphagia 41151 Disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract 41952 Disorders of the stomach and duodenum 42453 Disorders of the pancreas 42954 Disorders of the liver and biliary tract 43855 Overview of malabsorptive conditions 46156 Coeliac disease 46757 Inflammatory bowel disease 48058 Orofacial granulomatosis 49059 Intestinal failure and rehabilitation 49560 Irritable bowel syndrome 50561 Constipation, diarrhoea, diverticulitis 514Renal Disorders62 Acute kidney injury 52663 Chronic kidney disease 53664 Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) 557Cardio-Metabolic Syndromes65 Gout 56666 Polycystic ovary syndrome 571Overweight and Obesity67 Overview of obesity 58068 Dietary and behavioural management 58369 Metabolic and bariatric surgery 58970 Pharmacotherapy (obesity management medications) 598Diabetes71 Diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism 60572 Type 1 diabetes 60873 Type 2 diabetes 61874 Gestational diabetes 62475 Other types of diabetes, including lipodystrophy 628Vascular Disease76 Clinical management of cardiovascular disease 63277 Heart failure 642Respiratory Disease78 Nutritional management of respiratory disease 65179 Cystic fibrosis 66080 Nutritional management for people living with long COVID 671Immunological Disorders81 Food hypersensitivity in adults 67782 Human immunodeficiency virus 69383 Sickle cell and other haemoglobinopathies 70284 Inherited metabolic disorders 708Neurological Disorders85 Parkinson's disease 72886 Motor neurone disease 73687 Multiple sclerosis 74488 Stroke 74989 Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalopathy) 75990 Rare neurological conditions 766Mental Health91 Mental and neurocognitive conditions 77492 Eating disorders 78693 Dementias 804Cancer94 General aspects of cancer 81395 Head and neck cancer 82096 Gastrointestinal tract cancers 83197 Breast cancer (including prevention strategies) 83898 Lung cancers 84899 Gynaecological cancers 855100 Prostate cancer 863101 Haematological cancers 868102 Cancer cachexia 872103 Personalised cancer care 879Musculoskeletal Disorders104 Osteoporosis 884105 Arthritis 894Trauma and Critical Care106 Critical care 901107 Traumatic brain injury 918108 Spinal cord injury 926109 Neurorehabilitation 937110 Burn injury 946111 Surgery 954112 Wound healing, tissue viability and pressure ulcers 963Geriatric Nutritional Medicine113 Frailty 970114 Palliative and end-of-life care 979Part 6 Paediatric clinical practice 987115 Essentials of paediatric dietetics 989116 Nutritional care of the preterm infant 997117 Growth faltering 1001118 Paediatric food hypersensitivity 1008119 Autism in children and young people 1017120 Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder 1021121 Special needs 1024122 Childhood weight management 1026123 Paediatric diabetes 1031124 Cystic fibrosis in childhood 1035125 Paediatric gastroenterology 1038126 Paediatric general surgery 1043127 Paediatric liver disease 1046128 Paediatric nephrology 1049129 Nutrition support in children with congenital heart defects 1052130 Nutrition support in the critically ill child 1057131 Paediatric neurology and the ketogenic diet 1062132 Paediatric neurosurgery 1066133 Inherited metabolic disorders in children 1069134 Paediatric cancers 1072Index 1077

Mary Hickson is Professor of Dietetics at the University of Plymouth, following over 23 years of clinical experience in the NHS. Her academic work is grounded in extensive frontline practice, and her research interests span all aspects of dietetic practice, in particular sarcopenia, frailty, and the nutritional care of older people. She has authored many scientific papers supporting evidence-based dietetic practice and is deeply committed to fostering impactful research that strengthens the profession’s evidence base. Kate Maslin is a Senior Research Fellow in Maternal and Child Health at the University of Plymouth. She holds a PhD in paediatric nutrition and has previously worked as a Lecturer in Dietetic Practice and Clinical Paediatric Dietitian. Her research focuses on early life and pregnancy-related nutrition. Linda Wedlake was a Research Dietitian at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust for over 20 years. Her PhD research focused on nutritional substrates to protect the gut during radiotherapy treatment. She was a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Training Advocate for dietetics, a Trustee for the BDA GET fund, and a Visiting Lecturer at the University of Surrey. Duane Mellor is a highly experienced clinical and academic dietitian with special interest in diabetes, particularly paediatric diabetes. He holds a PhD in diabetes and endocrinology from the University of Hull and has held academic positions in both the UK and Australia. He is currently a Specialist Paediatric Diabetes Dietitian at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. Adrian Brown is an NIHR Advanced Fellow and Principal Research Fellow (Associate Professor) in Nutrition and Dietetics at the Centre of Obesity Research, University College London, which he co-leads. He is a Senior Specialist Weight Management and Bariatric Dietitian with over 19 years of clinical experience, and he holds a PhD in medicine from Imperial College London. His research focuses on obesity, particularly weight stigma, processed foods, and the use of formula-based diets across diverse patient groups.

• Contributors xiiiForeword xxiPreface xxiiiPart 1 Professional practice 11 Professional practice 32 Dietary modification 163 Changing health behaviour 224 Medicines management and governance 355 Personal nutrition, genetics and nutritional genomics 456 Alternative and complementary therapies 567 Advancing practice in dietetics (UK approach) 638 Freelance practice 67Part 2 Public health and food provision for diverse communities 759 Public health nutrition 7710 Food environment and the food system 9511 Sustainable diets 10212 Principles of food service in hospitals 11013 Food service in care homes and schools 12014 Food service in the armed forces and in prisons 12615 Global dietary cultures (supporting individuals to make dietary changes within their food culture and identity) 13016 Food security and vulnerability (including people living with homelessness) 14617 Learning disabilities 15818 Food law and labelling 17219 Dietary reference values and food-based dietary guidelines 18220 Food composition tables and databases 18821 Neurodiversity 19822 Sport and exercise nutrition 205Part 3 Nutrition through the lifecycle 21523 Nutrition and fertility 21724 Nutrition during the preconception phase 22425 Nutrition during pregnancy 22926 Nutrition after pregnancy 23727 Infant and pre-school nutrition (0–4 years) 24228 Childhood nutrition (5–11 years) 24729 Adolescent nutrition (12–18 years) 25030 Healthy eating and dietary approaches for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease 25331 Menopause 26232 Healthy ageing 266Part 4 Assessment, diagnosis and intervention strategies 277Assessment of Nutritional Status and Requirements33 Introduction to assessing nutritional status and nutritional screening 27934 Anthropometry and body composition 28335 Biochemical assessment 29436 Clinical assessment 30537 Assessment of diet and dehydration 30938 Environmental, social and psychological assessment 31839 Functional assessment 32140 Assessing nutritional requirements 325Diagnosis and Intervention Strategies41 Introduction to nutrition and dietetic diagnosis 33442 Oral nutrition support 33843 Texture-modified diets 34944 Enteral nutrition 35345 Parenteral nutrition 370Part 5 Adult clinical practice 379Systemic Conditions46 Undernutrition 38147 Multimorbidity 38748 Endometriosis 396Gastrointestinal Disorders49 Oral diseases 40250 Dysphagia 41151 Disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract 41952 Disorders of the stomach and duodenum 42453 Disorders of the pancreas 42954 Disorders of the liver and biliary tract 43855 Overview of malabsorptive conditions 46156 Coeliac disease 46757 Inflammatory bowel disease 48058 Orofacial granulomatosis 49059 Intestinal failure and rehabilitation 49560 Irritable bowel syndrome 50561 Constipation, diarrhoea, diverticulitis 514Renal Disorders62 Acute kidney injury 52663 Chronic kidney disease 53664 Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) 557Cardio-Metabolic Syndromes65 Gout 56666 Polycystic ovary syndrome 571Overweight and Obesity67 Overview of obesity 58068 Dietary and behavioural management 58369 Metabolic and bariatric surgery 58970 Pharmacotherapy (obesity management medications) 598Diabetes71 Diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism 60572 Type 1 diabetes 60873 Type 2 diabetes 61874 Gestational diabetes 62475 Other types of diabetes, including lipodystrophy 628Vascular Disease76 Clinical management of cardiovascular disease 63277 Heart failure 642Respiratory Disease78 Nutritional management of respiratory disease 65179 Cystic fibrosis 66080 Nutritional management for people living with long COVID 671Immunological Disorders81 Food hypersensitivity in adults 67782 Human immunodeficiency virus 69383 Sickle cell and other haemoglobinopathies 70284 Inherited metabolic disorders 708Neurological Disorders85 Parkinson's disease 72886 Motor neurone disease 73687 Multiple sclerosis 74488 Stroke 74989 Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalopathy) 75990 Rare neurological conditions 766Mental Health91 Mental and neurocognitive conditions 77492 Eating disorders 78693 Dementias 804Cancer94 General aspects of cancer 81395 Head and neck cancer 82096 Gastrointestinal tract cancers 83197 Breast cancer (including prevention strategies) 83898 Lung cancers 84899 Gynaecological cancers 855100 Prostate cancer 863101 Haematological cancers 868102 Cancer cachexia 872103 Personalised cancer care 879Musculoskeletal Disorders104 Osteoporosis 884105 Arthritis 894Trauma and Critical Care106 Critical care 901107 Traumatic brain injury 918108 Spinal cord injury 926109 Neurorehabilitation 937110 Burn injury 946111 Surgery 954112 Wound healing, tissue viability and pressure ulcers 963Geriatric Nutritional Medicine113 Frailty 970114 Palliative and end-of-life care 979Part 6 Paediatric clinical practice 987115 Essentials of paediatric dietetics 989116 Nutritional care of the preterm infant 997117 Growth faltering 1001118 Paediatric food hypersensitivity 1008119 Autism in children and young people 1017120 Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder 1021121 Special needs 1024122 Childhood weight management 1026123 Paediatric diabetes 1031124 Cystic fibrosis in childhood 1035125 Paediatric gastroenterology 1038126 Paediatric general surgery 1043127 Paediatric liver disease 1046128 Paediatric nephrology 1049129 Nutrition support in children with congenital heart defects 1052130 Nutrition support in the critically ill child 1057131 Paediatric neurology and the ketogenic diet 1062132 Paediatric neurosurgery 1066133 Inherited metabolic disorders in children 1069134 Paediatric cancers 1072Index 1077