Manipulating Courts in New Democracies

Andrea Castagnola is an assistant professor at the School of Politics and Government at Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Argentina. She was assistant professor at Flacso-Mexico and holds a Post-Doc from the University of Bergen, Norway. Her research focuses on judicial politics in Latin America and Comparative Politics. Her work has been published in journals such as British Journal of Political Science, Journal of Politics, Journal of Politics in Latin America and Política y Gobierno.

• 1. Introduction 2. Judicial turnover in new democracies: forcing judges off the bench 3. The political history of the manipulation of the Argentinean Supreme Court 4. Forcing justices off the bench: empirics from the Argentinean Supreme Court 5. The persistent manipulation of courts: empirics from the provincial Supreme Courts in Argentina 6. The institutional determinants of judicial turnover at the subnational level 7. Conclusion

"Castagnola's book analyzes the systematic use of a subtle instrument to change the composition of courts. She studies a mechanism for vacancy creation that depends on the drive of local executives rather than on the decisions of judges and that involves the use of informal pressures rather than institutional instruments. She superbly illustrates how weak executives use the instrument to build friendly courts and how in hegemonic party systems, executives use it to control factions. In a nutshell, the book introduces a new tool for the kit."Catalina Smulovitz, Plenary Professor, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella"This book answers a key question: why and when do politicians force justices off the bench? The answer offered contributes to, but also challenges, our knowledge regarding courts and their political role in democratic polities. The book nicely specifies the institutional conditions under which politician’s motivations prompt them to get "their own court" and supports the arguments with well-done and interesting quantitative and qualitative analyses on Argentinean Supreme and state courts over a long period of time. The book delves into the unchartered territory of the relationship between judges’ stability in office and their independence, a critical topic in today’s troubled democracies."Julio Ríos-Figueroa, Associate Professor of Political Science, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas"… Castagnola’s analysis of "vacancy creation" in Argentina aims to generate new theory, looking beyond formal institutional design and the strategic literature and bridging the gap between US-based and Latin American– based theories of judicial politics."Latin American Research Review