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They discussed the mechanism and regulation of motility, the metabolic strategy of human spermatozoa, the effects of exogenous fac tors such as antibodies, infections, and toxins, and finally the role of intracel lular calcium on sperm motility.
I. The Immotile Sperm: Etiology.- 1. Motility Update.- 2. Metabolic Strategy in Human Spermatozoa: Its Impact on Sperm Motility.- 3. Extrinsic Factors Affecting Sperm Motility: Immunological and Infectious Factors and Reactive Oxygen Species.- 4. Intracellular Calcium and Sperm Motility.- 5. Genetic Aspects of Sperm Motility Disorders.- 6. Necrospermia: Etiology and Management.- II. Therapeutic Possibilities for Motility Disorders.- 7. In Vivo Therapies for Asthenozoospermia.- 8. In Vitro Therapy for Sperm Motility: Specific and Nonspecific Treatments.- III. ICSI Option for Immotile Sperm.- 9. Injection Procedures of Immotile Sperm: Selection, Tail Breakage, and Viscous Solutions.- 10. Fertilizing Capability of Frozen—Thawed Immotile Sperm.- 11. Clinical Aspects of ICSI with Immotile Sperm.- 12. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Difficult Cases: The Egyptian Experience.- 13. Difficult Cases in ICSI (Male Factors).- 14. ICSI in Difficult Cases: Total Absence of Both Motile and Normal Spermatozoa.- 15. Difficult ICSI Cases: An Israeli Survey.- IV. Testicular Sperm: Physiological to Pathological Aspects.- 16. Growth Factors in Testis Development and Function.- 17. Microinsemination Using Spermatogenic Cells in Mammals.- 18. Cell Loss During Spermatogenesis: Apoptosis or Necrosis?.- 19. Regulation of Apoptosis in the Testis.- V. Testicular Sperm Retrieval.- 20. Thermic and Metabolic Microsensors for Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) Before ICSI.- 21. ICSI with Epididymal and Testicular Sperm Retrieval.- 22. Pathophysiologic Changes after Testicular Sperm Extraction: Patterns and Avoidance of Testicular Injury.- 23. Cytological Evaluation of Germinal Populations as Part of a Testicular Sperm Retrieval Strategy.- VI. Conceptus Quality in ICSI with Testicular Sperm andEthical Problems of ART.- 24. Genetic Aspects of Male Sterility.- 25. Conceptus Quality from ICSI with Testicular Sperm.- 26. Genetic Problems and Congenital Malformations in 1987 ICSI Children.- 27. Ethical Dilemmas in Assisted Reproduction.- Author Index.
