Making War and Building Peace

Michael W. Doyle is Harold Brown Professor of Law and International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. Nicholas Sambanis is Associate Professor of Political Science at Yale University.

• List of Figures ix List of Tables xi List of Boxes xiii Acknowledgments xv Acronyms xvii Chapter One: Introduction: War-Making, Peacebuilding, and the United Nations 1 The New Interventionism 6 Generations of UN Peace Operations 10 The Challenge of Peacebuilding 18 Plan of the Book 23 Chapter Two: Theoretical Perspectives 27 Internal (Civil) War and Peacebuilding 28 Theories of Civil War 31 Implications of Civil War Theory for UN Intervention 49 A Peacebuilding Triangle 63 Chapter Three: Testing Peacebuilding Strategies 69 Triangulating Peace 69 The Peacebuilding Dataset 72 Analysis of Peacebuilding Success in the Short Run 86 Policy Hypotheses and Hypothesis Testing 93 Policy Analysis 125 Conclusion 131 Appendix A: Definitions and Coding Rules 132 Appendix B: Summary Statistics for Key Variables 138 Chapter Four: Making War 144 Somalia 145 The Former Yugoslavia 161 Congo 172 Clausewitz and Peacekeeping 184 Chapter Five: Making Peace: Successes 197 Monitoring and Facilitation in El Salvador 200 Administratively Controlling (but Barely) Peace in Cambodia 209 Executive Implementation of Peace in Eastern Slavonia 223 Dayton's Dueling Missions and Brcko--Dayton's Supervisory Footnote 230 East Timor 243 Chapter Six: Making Peace: Failures 257 Cyprus 257 Rwanda 281 Chapter Seven: Transitional Strategies 303 The Four Strategies 304 Transitional Authority 319 Chapter Eight: Conclusions 334 The Peacebuilding Record 334 A Seven-Step Plan 337 The Costs of Staying--and Not Staying--the Course 342 Alternatives? 346 Bibliography 353 Index 381

"This book will have wide appeal not only among scholars who study the issues of civil war, its termination, and the role of the UN and the international community, but also among any students and policymakers who are interested in one of the most fundamental and pressing questions of our time: how to build peace in states that are trying to recover from devastating civil wars."--Lise Howard, Review of International Organizations