Xavier Lafrance, Ph.D. (2013), York University, is Professor of political science at the Université du Québec à Montréal. With Charles Post, he is the editor of Case Studies in the Origins of Capitalism(Palgrave 2018).

• Acknowledgements Introduction Problematising Capitalism Importing Capitalism to France Chapter 1 The Old Regime False Start: Attempts at Liberal Reforms and the Absence of a Transition to Capitalism in Absolutist France Absolutist France vs Capitalist England British Competition and French Liberal Reactions An Extensive Mode of Economic Development Chapter 2 Non-Capitalist Industrialisation in Post-Revolutionary France Nineteenth-Century France Economic Development: The Revisionist Account Contrasting French and English Nineteenth-Century Industrial Development The Non-Competitive Nature of French Markets The Development of Cotton Production and Metallurgy Opportunity-Driven Growth in Non-Competitive Markets Chapter 3 The French Revolution and the Customary Regulation of Labour Reassessing the French Revolution Guilds and Workers’ Struggles under the Old Regime The Persistence of Customary Regulations and Aspects of Labour Emancipation in Post-Revolutionary France The Absence of Labour Subsumption by Capital in Post-Revolutionary France Chapter 4 The Rise of the French Working Class: Republican and Socialist Struggles against Extra-Economic Exploitation The Composition and the Making of the French Working Class Notables, the State, and the Perpetuation of Non-Capitalist SurplusAppropriation Pinning Down Social Ills, Naming the Antagonists The Revolution of 1830 and the Rise of a Republican-Socialist Working Class The Revolution of 1848 and the (Interrupted) Rise of the Democratic and Social Republic Chapter 5 The State-Led Capitalist Transformation of French Industry Geopolitical Competition and Capitalist Industrialisation Building Foundations: The Making of a Competitive Market The Erosion of Customary Regulations and the Subsumption of Labour The Emergence of Capitalist Patterns of Investment Changing Modes of Surplus Appropriation and (Partial) State Restructuring Chapter 6 Capitalism and the Re-Making of the French Working Class The Re-Composition of the Working Class The Labour Movement under the Second Empire and the Paris Commune The Rise of the Strike: Refusing the Depoliticisation of Production The Transformation of Class Relations and the Rise of anAutonomous Socialist Working-Class Movement Conclusion References Index

“The Making of Capitalism in France is a highly original and innovative book.”—Oisín Gilmore, Economic History Review”As a book that explains French industrial capitalism well, this will undoubtedly be the classic. It is clear, cogent, and well argued, providing careful summaries of the literature and carefully articulated theoretical exposition to support his arguments. It should be widely read by those interested in working-class formation, the transition to capitalism, industrialization, and French history.”—Rebecca Jean Emigh, American Sociological Association

Xavier Lafrance, Ph.D. (2013), York University, is Professor of political science at the Université du Québec à Montréal. With Charles Post, he is the editor of Case Studies in the Origins of Capitalism(Palgrave 2018).

• Acknowledgements Introduction Problematising Capitalism Importing Capitalism to France Chapter 1 The Old Regime False Start: Attempts at Liberal Reforms and the Absence of a Transition to Capitalism in Absolutist France Absolutist France vs Capitalist England British Competition and French Liberal Reactions An Extensive Mode of Economic Development Chapter 2 Non-Capitalist Industrialisation in Post-Revolutionary France Nineteenth-Century France Economic Development: The Revisionist Account Contrasting French and English Nineteenth-Century Industrial Development The Non-Competitive Nature of French Markets The Development of Cotton Production and Metallurgy Opportunity-Driven Growth in Non-Competitive Markets Chapter 3 The French Revolution and the Customary Regulation of Labour Reassessing the French Revolution Guilds and Workers’ Struggles under the Old Regime The Persistence of Customary Regulations and Aspects of Labour Emancipation in Post-Revolutionary France The Absence of Labour Subsumption by Capital in Post-Revolutionary France Chapter 4 The Rise of the French Working Class: Republican and Socialist Struggles against Extra-Economic Exploitation The Composition and the Making of the French Working Class Notables, the State, and the Perpetuation of Non-Capitalist SurplusAppropriation Pinning Down Social Ills, Naming the Antagonists The Revolution of 1830 and the Rise of a Republican-Socialist Working Class The Revolution of 1848 and the (Interrupted) Rise of the Democratic and Social Republic Chapter 5 The State-Led Capitalist Transformation of French Industry Geopolitical Competition and Capitalist Industrialisation Building Foundations: The Making of a Competitive Market The Erosion of Customary Regulations and the Subsumption of Labour The Emergence of Capitalist Patterns of Investment Changing Modes of Surplus Appropriation and (Partial) State Restructuring Chapter 6 Capitalism and the Re-Making of the French Working Class The Re-Composition of the Working Class The Labour Movement under the Second Empire and the Paris Commune The Rise of the Strike: Refusing the Depoliticisation of Production The Transformation of Class Relations and the Rise of anAutonomous Socialist Working-Class Movement Conclusion References Index

“The Making of Capitalism in France is a highly original and innovative book.”—Oisín Gilmore, Economic History Review”As a book that explains French industrial capitalism well, this will undoubtedly be the classic. It is clear, cogent, and well argued, providing careful summaries of the literature and carefully articulated theoretical exposition to support his arguments. It should be widely read by those interested in working-class formation, the transition to capitalism, industrialization, and French history.”—Rebecca Jean Emigh, American Sociological Association

Xavier Lafrance, Ph.D. (2013), York University, is Professor of political science at the Université du Québec à Montréal. With Charles Post, he is the editor of Case Studies in the Origins of Capitalism(Palgrave 2018).

• Acknowledgements Introduction Problematising Capitalism Importing Capitalism to France Chapter 1 The Old Regime False Start: Attempts at Liberal Reforms and the Absence of a Transition to Capitalism in Absolutist France Absolutist France vs Capitalist England British Competition and French Liberal Reactions An Extensive Mode of Economic Development Chapter 2 Non-Capitalist Industrialisation in Post-Revolutionary France Nineteenth-Century France Economic Development: The Revisionist Account Contrasting French and English Nineteenth-Century Industrial Development The Non-Competitive Nature of French Markets The Development of Cotton Production and Metallurgy Opportunity-Driven Growth in Non-Competitive Markets Chapter 3 The French Revolution and the Customary Regulation of Labour Reassessing the French Revolution Guilds and Workers’ Struggles under the Old Regime The Persistence of Customary Regulations and Aspects of Labour Emancipation in Post-Revolutionary France The Absence of Labour Subsumption by Capital in Post-Revolutionary France Chapter 4 The Rise of the French Working Class: Republican and Socialist Struggles against Extra-Economic Exploitation The Composition and the Making of the French Working Class Notables, the State, and the Perpetuation of Non-Capitalist SurplusAppropriation Pinning Down Social Ills, Naming the Antagonists The Revolution of 1830 and the Rise of a Republican-Socialist Working Class The Revolution of 1848 and the (Interrupted) Rise of the Democratic and Social Republic Chapter 5 The State-Led Capitalist Transformation of French Industry Geopolitical Competition and Capitalist Industrialisation Building Foundations: The Making of a Competitive Market The Erosion of Customary Regulations and the Subsumption of Labour The Emergence of Capitalist Patterns of Investment Changing Modes of Surplus Appropriation and (Partial) State Restructuring Chapter 6 Capitalism and the Re-Making of the French Working Class The Re-Composition of the Working Class The Labour Movement under the Second Empire and the Paris Commune The Rise of the Strike: Refusing the Depoliticisation of Production The Transformation of Class Relations and the Rise of anAutonomous Socialist Working-Class Movement Conclusion References Index

“The Making of Capitalism in France is a highly original and innovative book.”—Oisín Gilmore, Economic History Review”As a book that explains French industrial capitalism well, this will undoubtedly be the classic. It is clear, cogent, and well argued, providing careful summaries of the literature and carefully articulated theoretical exposition to support his arguments. It should be widely read by those interested in working-class formation, the transition to capitalism, industrialization, and French history.”—Rebecca Jean Emigh, American Sociological Association