M2M Communications

David Boswarthick, ETSI, FranceDavid has been extensively involved in the standardization activities of mobile, fixed and convergent networks in both the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for over 10 years. He is currently involved in the M2M standards group which is defining an end to end architecture and requirements for multiple M2M applications including Smart Metering, healthcare and enhanced home living. David holds a Master's Degree in Networks and Distributed systems from the University of Nice and Sophia Antipolis, France. Omar Elloumi, Alcatel-Lucent, FranceOmar is currently a standardization manager at Alcatel-Lucent. He received his degree in Engineering from Universite de Rennes I. Olivier Hersent, Consultant, FranceOlivier Hersent was the founder of NetCentrex and former CTO of Comverse Inc., and previously worked as an R&D Engineer at Orange/France Telecom. He studied finance, quantum physics and psychology at the Ecole Polytechnique from 1991-1994 and is now an independent consultant.The contributors will include the Editors' colleagues from Alcatel-Lucent amongst others.

• Foreword List of ContributorsList of Acronyms1 Introduction to M2M1.1 What is M2M?1.2 The Business of M2M1.3 Accelerating M2M Maturity1.3.1 High-Level M2M Frameworks1.3.2 Policy and Government Incentives1.4 M2M Standards1.4.1 Which Standards for M2M?1.5 Roadmap of the BookReferencesPart I M2M CURRENT LANDSCAPE2 The Business of M2M2.1 The M2M Market2.1.1 Healthcare2.1.2 Transportation2.1.3 Energy2.2 The M2M Market Adoption: Drivers and Barriers2.3 The M2M Value Chain2.4 Market Size Projections2.5 Business Models2.5.1 Network Operator- or CSP-Led Model2.5.2 MVNO-Led Model2.5.3 Corporate Customer-Led Model2.6 M2M Business Metrics2.7 Market EvolutionReference3 Lessons Learned from Early M2M Deployments3.1 Introduction3.2 Early M2M Operational Deployments3.2.1 Introduction3.2.2 Early M2M Operational Deployment Examples3.2.3 Common Questions in Early M2M Deployments3.2.4 Possible Optimization of M2M Deployments3.3 Chapter ConclusionReferencePart II M2M ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS4 M2M Requirements and High-Level Architectural Principles4.1 Introduction4.2 Use-Case-Driven Approach to M2M Requirements4.2.1 What is a Use Case?4.2.2 ETSI M2M Work on Use Cases4.2.3 Methodology for Developing Use Cases4.3 Smart Metering Approach in ETSI M2M4.3.1 Introduction4.3.2 Typical Smart Metering Deployment Scenario4.4 eHealth Approach in ETSI M2M4.4.1 Introduction4.5 ETSI M2M Service Requirements: High-Level Summary and Applicability to Different Market Segments4.6 Traffic Models-/Characteristics-Approach to M2M Requirements and Considerations for Network Architecture Design4.6.1 Why Focus on Wireless Networks?4.7 Description of M2M Market Segments/Applications4.7.1 Automotive4.7.2 Smart Telemetry4.7.3 Surveillance and Security4.7.4 Point of Sale (PoS)4.7.5 Vending Machines4.7.6 eHealth4.7.7 Live Video4.7.8 Building Automation4.7.9 M2M Industrial Automation4.8 M2M Traffic Characterization4.8.1 Detailed Traffic Characterization for Smart Metering4.8.2 Global Traffic Characterization4.9 High-Level Architecture Principles for M2M Communications4.10 Chapter ConclusionsReferences5 ETSI M2M Services Architecture5.1 Introduction5.2 High-Level System Architecture5.3 ETSI TC M2M Service Capabilities Framework5.4 ETSI TC M2M Release 1 Scenarios5.5 ETSI M2M Service Capabilities5.5.1 Reachability, Addressing, and Repository Capability (xRAR)5.5.2 Remote Entity Management Capability (x REM)5.5.3 Security Capability (xSEC)5.6 Introducing REST Architectural Style for M2M5.6.1 Introduction to REST5.6.2 Why REST for M2M?5.6.3 REST Basics5.6.4 Applying REST to M2M5.6.5 Additional Functionalities5.7 ETSI TC M2M Resource-Based M2M Communication and Procedures5.7.1 Introduction5.7.2 Definitions Used in this Section5.7.3 Resource Structure5.7.4 Interface Procedures5.8 Chapter ConclusionReferences6 M2M Optimizations in Public Mobile Networks6.1 Chapter Overview6.2 M2M over a Telecommunications Network6.2.1 Introduction6.2.2 M2M Communication Scenarios6.2.3 Mobile or Fixed Networks6.2.4 Data Connections for M2M Applications6.3 Network Optimizations for M2M6.3.1 Introduction6.3.2 3GPP Standardization of Network Improvements for Machine Type Communications6.3.3 Cost Reduction6.3.4 M2M Value-Added Services6.3.5 Numbering, Identifiers, and Addressing6.3.6 Triggering Optimizations6.3.7 Overload and Congestion ControlReferences7 The Role of IP in M2M7.1 Introduction7.1.1 IPv6 in Brief7.1.2 Neighbor Discovery Protocol7.2 IPv6 for M2M7.3 6LoWPAN7.3.1 Framework7.3.2 Header Compression7.3.3 Neighbor Discovery7.4 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)7.4.1 RPL Topology7.5 CoRE7.5.1 Message Formats7.5.2 Transport Protocol7.5.3 REST ArchitectureReferences8 M2M Security8.1 Introduction8.1.1 Security Characteristics of Cellular M2M8.2 Trust Relationships in the M2M Ecosystem8.3 Security Requirements8.3.1 Customer/M2M Device User8.3.2 Access Network Provider8.3.3 M2M Service Provider8.3.4 Application Provider8.3.5 Bootstrapping Requirements8.4 Which Types of Solutions are Suitable?8.4.1 Approaches Against Hijacking8.4.2 Public Key Solutions8.4.3 Smart Card-Based Solutions8.4.4 Methods Based on Pre-Provisioned Symmetric Keys8.4.5 Protocol for Automated Bootstrapping Based on Identity-Based Encryption8.4.6 Security for Groups of M2M Devices8.5 Standardization Efforts on Securing M2M and MTC Communications8.5.1 ETSI M2M Security8.5.2 3GPP Security Related to Network Improvements for Machine Type CommunicationsReferences9 M2M Terminals and Modules9.1 M2M Module Categorization9.1.1 Access Technology9.1.2 Physical Form Factors9.2 Hardware Interfaces9.2.1 Power Interface9.2.2 USB (Universal Serial Bus) Interface9.2.3 UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/ Transmitter) Interface9.2.4 Antenna Interface9.2.5 UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card) Interface9.2.6 GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output Port) Interface9.2.7 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) Interface9.2.8 I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus) Interface9.2.9 ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) Interface9.2.10 PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) Interface9.2.11 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Interface9.2.12 Analog Audio Interface9.3 Temperature and Durability9.4 Services9.4.1 Application Execution Environment9.4.2 Connectivity Services9.4.3 Management Services9.4.4 Application Services9.5 Software Interface9.5.1 AT Commands9.5.2 SDK Interface9.6 Cellular Certification9.6.1 Telecom Industry Certification9.6.2 MNO Certification10 Smart Cards in M2M Communication10.1 Introduction10.2 Security and Privacy Issues in M2M Communication10.3 The Grounds for Hardware-Based Security Solutions10.4 Independent Secure Elements and Trusted Environments10.4.1 Trusted Environments in M2M Devices10.4.2 Trusting Unknown Devices: The Need for Security Certification10.4.3 Advantages of the Smart Card Model10.5 Specific Smart Card Properties for M2M Environments10.5.1 Removable Smart Cards versus Embedded Secure Elements10.5.2 UICC Resistance to Environmental Constraints10.5.3 Adapting the Card Application Toolkit to Unattended Devices10.5.4 Reaching UICC Peripheral Devices with Toolkit Commands10.5.5 Confidential Remote Management of Third-Party Applications10.6 Smart Card Future Evolutions in M2M Environments10.6.1 UICC-Based M2M Service Identity Module Application10.6.2 Internet Protocol Integration of the UICC10.7 Remote Administration of M2M Secure Elements10.7.1 Overview10.7.2 Late Personalization of Subscription10.7.3 Remote Management of Subscriptions on the FieldReferencesPart III BOOK CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE VISION11 ConclusionsIndex

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