Joseph R. O'Brien, MD, MPH, Aligned Orthopedics, Bethesda, MD, USAJeffrey Weinreb, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USAJoseph C. Babrowicz, MD, Inova Vascular Surgery, Falls Church, VA, USA

• Part I. History and Rationale of Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Overview of Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- History and Evolution of Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Rationale for Anterior Lumbar Spine Surgery.- Part II. Preoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Patient Selection.- Imaging Review.- Patient Consent.- Part III. Intraoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Patient Positioning and Marking.-  Adjunctive Measures: Foley, Neuromonitoring, Perfusion Monitoring.- Incision Choices.- Retractor Systems.- Part IV. Operative Technique for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Mini-open Anterior Retroperitoneal Approach.- Transperitoneal and Laparoscopic Approaches.- Pre-psoas Approaches: OLIF, Lateral ALIF, ATP.- Direct Lateral Approach.- Adjunctive Analgesia Methods.- Part V. Intraoperative Complications for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Arterial Complications.- Venous Complications.- Peritoneal and Visceral Complications.- Ureter Complications.- Part VI. Postoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Pain Management.- Venous Thromboembolic Issues.- Wound Complications.- Fluid Collections.- Bowel Regimen and Ileus.- Part VII. Additional Considerations for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery in the Obese Patient.- Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery in ASC and Outpatient Situations.- Preoperative Considerations for Revision Surgery.- Intraoperative Strategies for Revision Surgery.- Understanding Spine Biologics for the Access Surgeon.- Lumbar Access Surgery Done by a Spine Surgeon.

Joseph R. O'Brien, MD, MPH, Aligned Orthopedics, Bethesda, MD, USAJeffrey Weinreb, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USAJoseph C. Babrowicz, MD, Inova Vascular Surgery, Falls Church, VA, USA

• Part I. History and Rationale of Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Overview of Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- History and Evolution of Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Rationale for Anterior Lumbar Spine Surgery.- Part II. Preoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Patient Selection.- Imaging Review.- Patient Consent.- Part III. Intraoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Patient Positioning and Marking.-  Adjunctive Measures: Foley, Neuromonitoring, Perfusion Monitoring.- Incision Choices.- Retractor Systems.- Part IV. Operative Technique for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Mini-open Anterior Retroperitoneal Approach.- Transperitoneal and Laparoscopic Approaches.- Pre-psoas Approaches: OLIF, Lateral ALIF, ATP.- Direct Lateral Approach.- Adjunctive Analgesia Methods.- Part V. Intraoperative Complications for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Arterial Complications.- Venous Complications.- Peritoneal and Visceral Complications.- Ureter Complications.- Part VI. Postoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Pain Management.- Venous Thromboembolic Issues.- Wound Complications.- Fluid Collections.- Bowel Regimen and Ileus.- Part VII. Additional Considerations for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery in the Obese Patient.- Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery in ASC and Outpatient Situations.- Preoperative Considerations for Revision Surgery.- Intraoperative Strategies for Revision Surgery.- Understanding Spine Biologics for the Access Surgeon.- Lumbar Access Surgery Done by a Spine Surgeon.

Joseph R. O'Brien, MD, MPH, Aligned Orthopedics, Bethesda, MD, USAJeffrey Weinreb, MD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USAJoseph C. Babrowicz, MD, Inova Vascular Surgery, Falls Church, VA, USA

• Part I. History and Rationale of Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Overview of Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- History and Evolution of Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Rationale for Anterior Lumbar Spine Surgery.- Part II. Preoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Patient Selection.- Imaging Review.- Patient Consent.- Part III. Intraoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Patient Positioning and Marking.-  Adjunctive Measures: Foley, Neuromonitoring, Perfusion Monitoring.- Incision Choices.- Retractor Systems.- Part IV. Operative Technique for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Mini-open Anterior Retroperitoneal Approach.- Transperitoneal and Laparoscopic Approaches.- Pre-psoas Approaches: OLIF, Lateral ALIF, ATP.- Direct Lateral Approach.- Adjunctive Analgesia Methods.- Part V. Intraoperative Complications for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Arterial Complications.- Venous Complications.- Peritoneal and Visceral Complications.- Ureter Complications.- Part VI. Postoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Pain Management.- Venous Thromboembolic Issues.- Wound Complications.- Fluid Collections.- Bowel Regimen and Ileus.- Part VII. Additional Considerations for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery.- Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery in the Obese Patient.- Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery in ASC and Outpatient Situations.- Preoperative Considerations for Revision Surgery.- Intraoperative Strategies for Revision Surgery.- Understanding Spine Biologics for the Access Surgeon.- Lumbar Access Surgery Done by a Spine Surgeon.